Heterogeneous Nanostructures Fabricated via Binding Energy-Controlled Nanowelding.

A novel concept for fabricating heterogeneous nanostructures based on different melting temperatures is developed. Au-Ag composite cross-structures are fabricated by nanowelding technologies. During the fabrication of Au-Ag composite cross-structures, Ag nanowires transform into ordered particles decorating the Au nanowire surfaces with an increase in the welding temperature because of the different melting temperatures of Au and Ag. To compare and explain the melting temperatures, the thicknesses of Au and Ag nanowires as parameters are analyzed. Scanning electron microscopy and focused ion beam imaging are used to observe the morphologies and cross sections of the fabricated samples. The evolution of 3D nanostructures is observed by atomic force microscopy, whereas the compositions and binding energies of the nanostructures are determined by X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies. In addition, the atomic structures are analyzed by transmission electron microscopy, and the optical properties of the fabricated nanostructures are evaluated by spectrometry. Furthermore, color filter electrodes are fabricated, and their polarization properties are evaluated by sheet resistance measurements and observing the color and brightness of light-emitting diodes. The proposed method is suitable for application in various fields such as biosensors, optics, and medicine.