Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Psychophysiology. 2019 Jun;56(6):e13338. doi: 10.1111/psyp.13338. Epub 2019 Jan 23.
Physiological arousal is considered a key factor of gambling behavior. Hence, to understand gambling behavior it is important to study the arousal responses during gambling. Moreover, crucial mechanisms of action could be uncovered by detailing the situations that produce an arousal response. A gamble, or bet, can be partitioned into three distinct phases: (a) decision phase, during which the information concerning the gamble is presented, outcomes are appraised, and a decision is made on how to gamble; (b) anticipation phase, during which the result of the gamble is awaited; (c) outcome phase, during which the outcome of the gamble is presented. Previous research on arousal responses to gambling have mostly measured tonic changes in arousal, and when phasic responses have been measured, analyses have generally concentrated on one of the gamble phases. The aim of the present study was to map the arousal responses during gambling in more detail by measuring skin conductance responses (SCRs) during all three gamble phases of a simple card game. The anticipation phase was found to produce the largest arousal response, suggesting anticipation to be a major contributor to arousal during gambling behavior. Risk behavior during the gambling task was mirrored in self-reported risk taking in everyday life, and risk-takers displayed smaller SCRs compared to nonrisk-takers during decision making, suggesting this as a possible biomarker for risk-taking individuals.
生理唤醒被认为是赌博行为的关键因素。因此，要理解赌博行为，研究赌博过程中的唤醒反应很重要。此外，通过详细研究产生唤醒反应的情况，可以揭示关键的作用机制。赌博或下注可以分为三个不同的阶段：(a)决策阶段，在此期间呈现有关赌博的信息，评估结果，并决定如何下注；(b)预期阶段，在此期间等待赌博的结果；(c)结果阶段，在此期间呈现赌博的结果。先前关于赌博唤醒反应的研究大多测量了唤醒的紧张变化，而当测量到相位反应时，分析通常集中在赌博阶段之一上。本研究的目的是通过在简单纸牌游戏的所有三个赌博阶段测量皮肤电导反应 (SCR) 来更详细地描绘赌博过程中的唤醒反应。预期阶段产生的唤醒反应最大，这表明预期是赌博行为中唤醒的主要贡献者。赌博任务中的风险行为反映在日常生活中的风险承担行为中，风险承担者在做决策时的 SCR 比非风险承担者小，这表明这可能是风险承担者的生物标志物。
