Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman 99164.
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Tree Fruit Research Laboratory, Wenatchee, WA 98801.
Plant Dis. 2018 May;102(5):905-910. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-09-17-1363-RE. Epub 2018 Mar 7.
Bull's-eye rot is a major postharvest disease of apple caused by several fungi belonging to the Neofabraea and Phlyctema genera. Chemical control of these fungi is a crucial component of disease management for apples that are conventionally grown. The efficacy of several preharvest and postharvest applied fungicides were evaluated to identify effective chemistries that can control bull's-eye rot incited by Neofabraea perennans and N. kienholzii on apples. In general, the preharvest fungicide thiophanate-methyl was found to be effective at reducing disease caused by N. perennans and N. kienholzii. Two postharvest fungicides, thiabendazole and pyrimethanil, also provided disease control that was far superior to other chemical compounds evaluated in this study. The efficacy of thiabendazole and pyrimethanil was unaffected by application method (fungicide dip compared with thermofog). Despite providing satisfactory control of bull's-eye rot, integration of these three chemicals into disease management programs should proceed judiciously with consideration of their impact on the development of fungicide resistance and influence on diversity in populations of apple postharvest pathogens.
苹果水心病是一种由 Neofabraea 和 Phlyctema 属的几种真菌引起的主要采后病害。化学防治这些真菌是常规种植苹果病害管理的重要组成部分。本研究评估了几种采前和采后施用的杀菌剂，以确定能够控制由 Neofabraea perennans 和 N. kienholzii 引起的苹果水心病的有效化学物质。一般来说，采前杀菌剂硫菌灵被发现能有效控制 N. perennans 和 N. kienholzii 引起的病害。两种采后杀菌剂噻菌灵和嘧菌酯也提供了远优于本研究中评估的其他化合物的病害控制。噻菌灵和嘧菌酯的功效不受施药方法（杀菌剂浸泡与热烟雾）的影响。尽管这三种化学物质对苹果水心病的防治效果令人满意，但在将它们纳入病害管理计划时应谨慎行事，考虑到它们对杀菌剂抗性发展的影响以及对苹果采后病原菌种群多样性的影响。
