Lindholm A
Blood Center, Ostra Hospital, Gothenburg.
Acta Anaesthesiol Scand Suppl. 1988;89:35-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.1988.tb02840.x.
The safety of blood and blood products in Scandinavia today is high. An absolutely safe blood supply is, however, an unattainable goal. The dominating risk is transmission of non-A, non-B virus (NANBV). The calculated per blood unit risk is 1:200. The incidence of cirrhosis due to post-transfusion hepatitis NANB is calculated to at most 0.1% among recipients of blood components from about 5 donors. Other risk factors are transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) and cytomegalovirus (CMV). The prevalence of HBsAg among first time donors is about 0.05% (Sweden). In Scandinavia, anti-HIV-1 has been found in 0.001% of donations from start of screening in 1985 to December 1987. The prevalence was higher in Denmark, lower in Finland (and perhaps Iceland). The prevalence has declined during the last years. As of June 1988, 117 patients in the Scandinavian countries have been infected by blood components, all but 2 before screening was introduced. Besides these, 226 haemophiliacs have been infected by, in almost all cases, imported clotting factor concentrates before heat treatment was introduced. Most of the infected patients are still asymptomatic. About 70% of blood donors have anti-CMV, a few percent of which will transmit CMV-infection, with severe symptoms, to immunosuppressed patients without anti-CMV.
如今斯堪的纳维亚地区血液及血液制品的安全性很高。然而，要实现绝对安全的血液供应是一个无法企及的目标。主要风险是非甲非乙型病毒（NANBV）的传播。经计算，每单位血液的传播风险为1:200。据计算，在接受约5名献血者血液成分的受血者中，因输血后NANB型肝炎导致肝硬化的发生率最高为0.1%。其他风险因素包括乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）、人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV - 1）和巨细胞病毒（CMV）的传播。首次献血者中HBsAg的流行率约为0.05%（瑞典）。在斯堪的纳维亚地区，从1985年开始筛查至1987年12月期间，在0.001%的献血中发现了抗HIV - 1。丹麦的流行率较高，芬兰（可能还有冰岛）的流行率较低。在过去几年中，流行率有所下降。截至1988年6月，斯堪的纳维亚国家有117名患者因血液成分感染，除2例之外，所有感染均发生在引入筛查之前。除此之外，在引入热处理之前，几乎所有情况下，226名血友病患者因输入进口凝血因子浓缩物而感染。大多数受感染患者仍无症状。约70%的献血者有抗CMV，其中百分之几会将CMV感染传播给没有抗CMV的免疫抑制患者，并导致严重症状。
