George F R
Behavior Genetics Laboratory, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Addiction Research Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21224.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1988 Oct;12(5):586-90. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1988.tb00247.x.
Recent studies have shown that large genetic differences exist in the extent to which orally delivered ethanol will come to serve as a positive reinforcer under operantly defined conditions. In addition, these studies suggest that a significant correlation exists between results from two-bottle choice studies of ethanol drinking and operant self-administration studies of ethanol functioning as a reinforcer. The present paper reports further genetic influences on ethanol self-administration which were found using Long Sleep and Short Sleep mice, bred selectively for high and low duration of loss of the righting reflex in responses to ethanol, respectively. It was possible to establish ethanol as a reinforcer in Long Sleep mice but not in Short Sleep mice. These results indicate that neurosensitivity to ethanol may determine the absolute amount of ethanol consumption but is not highly related to the ability of ethanol to serve as a positive reinforcer. In addition, this paper presents genetic correlations which indicate that (a) ethanol preference and self-administration are highly correlated across genotype; (b) sensitivity to ethanol and self-administration of this drug are not highly genetically correlated; (c) ethanol is not self-administered in operant studies solely for its caloric value; and (d) there exist important genetic determinants of drug reinforced behavior.
最近的研究表明，在操作性定义的条件下，口服乙醇作为一种阳性强化物的程度存在很大的遗传差异。此外，这些研究表明，乙醇饮用的双瓶选择研究结果与乙醇作为强化物的操作性自我给药研究结果之间存在显著相关性。本文报告了使用长睡眠和短睡眠小鼠对乙醇自我给药的进一步遗传影响，这两种小鼠分别因对乙醇反应时翻正反射丧失的高时长和低时长而被选择性培育。在长睡眠小鼠中可以将乙醇确立为一种强化物，但在短睡眠小鼠中则不行。这些结果表明，对乙醇的神经敏感性可能决定乙醇消耗的绝对量，但与乙醇作为阳性强化物的能力没有高度相关性。此外，本文还呈现了遗传相关性，表明：（a）乙醇偏好和自我给药在不同基因型间高度相关；（b）对乙醇的敏感性与该药物的自我给药在遗传上没有高度相关性；（c）在操作性研究中，乙醇并非仅因其热量值而被自我给药；（d）存在药物强化行为的重要遗传决定因素。
