Acharya J, Bakker M G, Moorman T B, Kaspar T C, Lenssen A W, Robertson A E
Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011.
National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA 50011.
Plant Dis. 2017 Apr;101(4):591-600. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-07-16-0975-RE. Epub 2017 Feb 2.
Experiments were established in a controlled-growth chamber and in the field to evaluate the effect of the length of time intervals between winter rye cover crop termination and corn planting on corn seedling disease, corn growth, and grain yield in 2014 and 2015. Rye termination dates ranged from 25 days before planting (DBP) to 2 days after planting (DAP) corn in the field and from 21 DBP to 1 DAP in controlled studies. Results were similar in both environments. In general, shorter intervals increased seedling disease and reduced corn emergence, shoot growth, and grain yield of corn following winter rye compared with corn planted 10 or more days after rye termination or without rye. Incidence of Pythium spp. increased with shorter intervals (less than 8 DBP); incidence of Fusarium spp. was not consistent between runs and experiments. In 2014, in the 1-DAP treatment, number of ears and grain yield were reduced (P = 0.05 and 0.02, respectively). In 2015, all termination intervals reduced plant population, number of ears, and yield (P = 0.01), with the 2-DBP treatment causing the biggest decrease. A 10- to 14-day interval between rye termination and corn planting should be followed to improve corn yield following a rye cover crop.
2014年和2015年开展了室内可控生长室和田间试验，以评估冬黑麦覆盖作物终止与玉米种植之间的时间间隔长度对玉米苗期病害、玉米生长及籽粒产量的影响。在田间，黑麦终止日期从种植前25天到种植后2天，在可控试验中则从种植前21天到种植后1天。两种环境下的结果相似。总体而言，与在黑麦终止后10天或更长时间种植的玉米或未种植黑麦的玉米相比，较短的间隔期会增加冬黑麦后茬玉米的苗期病害，降低玉米出苗率、地上部生长及籽粒产量。腐霉菌属的发生率随间隔期缩短（小于种植前8天）而增加；镰刀菌属的发生率在不同试验和实验中并不一致。2014年，在种植后1天处理中，穗数和籽粒产量降低（分别为P = 0.05和0.02）。2015年，所有终止间隔期均降低了植株密度、穗数和产量（P = 0.01），种植前2天处理的降幅最大。黑麦终止与玉米种植之间应间隔10至14天，以提高黑麦覆盖作物后茬玉米的产量。
