University of Chichester, UK.
Royal Holloway, University of London, UK.
Br J Dev Psychol. 2019 Sep;37(3):354-368. doi: 10.1111/bjdp.12278. Epub 2019 Jan 24.
This study investigated whether children's expressive drawings of themselves vary as a function of audience authority and familiarity. One hundred and seventy-five children, 85 boys and 90 girls, aged between 8 years 1 months and 9 years 2 months (M = 8 years 5 months) were allocated into seven groups: a reference group (n = 25), where no audience was specified, and six audience groups (n = 25 per group) varying by audience type (policeman vs. teacher vs. man) and familiarity (familiar vs. unfamiliar). They drew baseline then happy and sad drawings of themselves, rated affect towards drawings type, and rated perceived audience authority. Audience familiarity and authority impacted expressive drawing strategy use and this varied by gender. There was higher overall expressive strategy use for happy drawings and for girls, and influences of affect type, familiarity, and authority were found. The implications of children's perceptions of audience type on their expressive drawings are discussed. Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject? Children vary their happy and sad expressive drawings for familiar peer and adult audiences. They show more positive expressivity to familiar peer and adult audiences. Children perceive authority differently depending on professional roles. What does this study add? Children's expressive drawings differ depending on audience familiarity and professional role. Greater expressivity for familiar than unfamiliar audiences, with difference varying by perceived authority. For policemen, boys showed more sad expression when unfamiliar and girls showed more happy expression when familiar.
本研究调查了儿童自我表达性绘画是否会随观众权威和熟悉程度的变化而变化。175 名 8 岁 1 个月至 9 岁 2 个月（M=8 岁 5 个月）的儿童被分为七组：参考组（n=25），未指定观众，以及六个观众组（n=25 人/组），观众类型（警察与教师与男性）和熟悉程度（熟悉与不熟悉）各不相同。他们先画基线，然后画自己开心和悲伤的画，对画作类型的情感进行评分，并对感知到的观众权威进行评分。观众的熟悉度和权威影响了表达性绘画策略的使用，且这种影响因性别而异。对于快乐的画作和女孩来说，整体的表达策略使用更高，而且还发现了影响情感类型、熟悉度和权威的因素。讨论了儿童对观众类型的看法对其表达性绘画的影响。 关于这个主题，已经知道了什么？ 儿童会根据熟悉的同龄人和成年人观众来改变他们快乐的和悲伤的表达性绘画。他们会对熟悉的同龄人和成年人观众表现出更积极的表现力。 儿童会根据职业角色对权威有不同的看法。 这项研究有何新发现？ 儿童的表达性绘画取决于观众的熟悉程度和职业角色。相对于不熟悉的观众，熟悉的观众会有更多的表达性，而且这种差异取决于感知到的权威。对于警察，不熟悉时男孩会表现出更多的悲伤，而熟悉时女孩会表现出更多的快乐。
