Molecular Targeting Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di, 20133 Milano, Italy.
Tumor Genomics Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di, 20133 Milano, Italy.
Cells. 2019 Jan 23;8(2):81. doi: 10.3390/cells8020081.
In recent years, it has become increasingly evident that cancer cells and the local microenvironment are crucial in the development and progression of tumors. One of the major components of the tumor microenvironment is the extracellular matrix (ECM), which comprises a complex mixture of components, including proteins, glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and polysaccharides. In addition to providing structural and biochemical support to tumor tissue, the ECM undergoes remodeling that alters the biochemical and mechanical properties of the tumor microenvironment and contributes to tumor progression and resistance to therapy. A novel concept has emerged, in which tumor-driven ECM remodeling affects the release of ECM components into peripheral blood, the levels of which are potential diagnostic or prognostic markers for tumors. This review discusses the most recent evidence on ECM remodeling-derived signals that are detectable in the bloodstream, as new early diagnostic and risk prediction tools for the most frequent solid cancers.
近年来，越来越明显的是，癌细胞和局部微环境在肿瘤的发生和发展中起着关键作用。肿瘤微环境的主要成分之一是细胞外基质 (ECM)，它由多种成分组成，包括蛋白质、糖蛋白、蛋白聚糖和多糖。除了为肿瘤组织提供结构和生化支持外，ECM 还会发生重塑，改变肿瘤微环境的生化和机械特性，促进肿瘤的进展和对治疗的抵抗。一个新的概念已经出现，即肿瘤驱动的 ECM 重塑会影响 ECM 成分释放到外周血液中，其水平可能是肿瘤的潜在诊断或预后标志物。这篇综述讨论了在血液中可检测到的 ECM 重塑衍生信号的最新证据，这些信号可能是最常见的实体瘤的新的早期诊断和风险预测工具。
