尿素加硝酸盐预处理稻草及添加玉米油对山羊纤维消化率、氮平衡、瘤胃发酵、微生物群和甲烷排放的影响
Effects of urea plus nitrate pretreated rice straw and corn oil supplementation on fiber digestibility, nitrogen balance, rumen fermentation, microbiota and methane emissions in goats.
作者信息
Zhang Xiumin, Medrano Rodolfo F, Wang Min, Beauchemin Karen A, Ma Zhiyuan, Wang Rong, Wen Jiangnan, Bernard Lukuyu A, Tan Zhiliang
机构信息
1Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125 Hunan China.
2University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China.
出版信息
J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2019 Jan 23;10:6. doi: 10.1186/s40104-019-0312-2. eCollection 2019.
BACKGROUND
Urea pretreatment is an efficient strategy to improve fiber digestibility of low quality roughages for ruminants. Nitrate and oil are usually used to inhibit enteric methane (CH) emissions from ruminants. The objective of this study was to examine the combined effects of urea plus nitrate pretreated rice straw and corn oil supplementation to the diet on nutrient digestibility, nitrogen (N) balance, CH emissions, ruminal fermentation characteristics and microbiota in goats. Nine female goats were used in a triple 3 × 3 Latin Square design (27 d periods). The treatments were: control (untreated rice straw, no added corn oil), rice straw pretreated with urea and nitrate (34 and 4.7 g/kg of rice straw on a dry matter [DM] basis, respectively, UN), and UN diet supplemented with corn oil (15 g/kg soybean and 15 g/kg corn were replaced by 30 g/kg corn oil, DM basis, UNCO).
RESULTS
Compared with control, UN increased neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility ( < 0.001) and copies of protozoa ( < 0.001) and ( < 0.05) in the rumen, but decreased N retention (-21.2%, < 0.001), dissolved hydrogen concentration (-22.8%, < 0.001), molar proportion of butyrate (-18.2%, < 0.05), (acetate + butyrate) to propionate ratio ( < 0.05) and enteric CH emissions (-10.2%, < 0.05). In comparison with UN, UNCO increased N retention (+34.9%, < 0.001) and decreased copies of protozoa ( < 0.001) and methanogens ( < 0.001). Compared with control, UNCO increased NDF digestibility (+8.3%, < 0.001), reduced ruminal dissolved CH concentration (-24.4%, < 0.001) and enteric CH emissions (-12.6%, < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
A combination of rice straw pretreated with urea plus nitrate and corn oil supplementation of the diet improved fiber digestibility and lowered enteric CH emissions without negative effects on N retention. These strategies improved the utilization of rice straw by goats.
背景
尿素预处理是提高反刍动物低质粗饲料纤维消化率的有效策略。硝酸盐和油脂通常用于抑制反刍动物的肠道甲烷（CH）排放。本研究的目的是探讨尿素加硝酸盐预处理稻草与日粮中添加玉米油对山羊营养物质消化率、氮（N）平衡、CH排放、瘤胃发酵特性和微生物群的综合影响。采用9只母山羊进行三因素3×3拉丁方设计（每期27天）。处理方式为：对照组（未处理稻草，未添加玉米油）、用尿素和硝酸盐预处理的稻草（分别以干物质[DM]计为34和4.7 g/kg稻草，UN）以及添加玉米油的UN日粮（15 g/kg大豆和15 g/kg玉米被30 g/kg玉米油替代，DM计，UNCO）。
结果
与对照组相比，UN提高了瘤胃中性洗涤纤维（NDF）消化率（<0.001）、原虫数量（<0.001）和（<0.05），但降低了N保留率（-21.2%，<0.001）、溶解氢浓度（-22.8%，<0.001）、丁酸摩尔比例（-18.2%，<0.05）、（乙酸 + 丁酸）与丙酸比例（<0.05）以及肠道CH排放量（-10.2%，<0.05）。与UN相比，UNCO提高了N保留率（+34.9%，<0.001），并降低了原虫数量（<0.001）和产甲烷菌数量（<0.001）。与对照组相比，UNCO提高了NDF消化率（+8.3%，<0.001），降低了瘤胃溶解CH浓度（-24.4%，<0.001）和肠道CH排放量（-12.6%，<0.05）。
结论
尿素加硝酸盐预处理稻草与日粮中添加玉米油相结合，可提高纤维消化率并降低肠道CH排放，且对N保留无负面影响。这些策略提高了山羊对稻草的利用率。
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