University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.
Australian Army, Canberra, Australia.
PLoS One. 2019 Jan 25;14(1):e0210078. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210078. eCollection 2019.
Current approaches to quantifying resilience make extensive use of self-reported data. Problematically, this type of scales is plagued by response distortions-both deliberate and unintentional, particularly in occupational populations. The aim of the current study was to develop an objective index of resilience. The study was conducted in 30 young healthy adults. Following completion of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) and Depression/Anxiety/Stress Scale (DASS), they were subjected to a series of 15 acoustic startle stimuli (95 dB, 50 ms) presented at random intervals, with respiration, skin conductance and ECG recorded. As expected, resilience (CD-RISC) significantly and negatively correlated with all three DASS subscales-Depression (r = -0.66, p<0.0001), Anxiety (r = -0.50, p<0.005) and Stress (r = -0.48, p<0.005). Acoustic stimuli consistently provoked transient skin conductance (SC) responses, with SC slopes indexing response habituation. This slope significantly and positively correlated with DASS-Depression (r = 0.59, p<0.005), DASS-Anxiety (r = 0.35, p<0.05) and DASS-Total (r = 0.50, p<0.005) scores, and negatively with resilience score (r = -0.47; p = 0.006), indicating that high-resilience individuals are characterized by steeper habituation slopes compared to low-resilience individuals. Our key finding of the connection between habituation of the skin conductance responses to repeated acoustic startle stimulus and resilience-related psychometric constructs suggests that response habituation paradigm has the potential to characterize important attributes of cognitive fitness and well-being-such as depression, anxiety and resilience. With steep negative slopes reflecting faster habituation, lower depression/anxiety and higher resilience, and slower or no habituation characterizing less resilient individuals, this protocol may offer a distortion-free method for objective assessment and monitoring of psychological resilience.
目前评估韧性的方法广泛使用自我报告数据。有问题的是，这种类型的量表受到响应扭曲的困扰-无论是故意的还是无意的，特别是在职业人群中。本研究的目的是开发一种客观的韧性指数。该研究在 30 名年轻健康成年人中进行。在完成康纳-戴维森韧性量表（CD-RISC）和抑郁/焦虑/压力量表（DASS）后，他们接受了一系列 15 次随机间隔的声学惊跳刺激（95dB，50ms），同时记录呼吸、皮肤电导和心电图。正如预期的那样，韧性（CD-RISC）与三个 DASS 分量表-抑郁（r=-0.66，p<0.0001）、焦虑（r=-0.50，p<0.005）和压力（r=-0.48，p<0.005）显著负相关。声学刺激一致地引起短暂的皮肤电导（SC）反应，SC 斜率指数反应习惯化。该斜率与 DASS-抑郁（r=0.59，p<0.005）、DASS-焦虑（r=0.35，p<0.05）和 DASS-总分（r=0.50，p<0.005）评分显著正相关，与韧性评分负相关（r=-0.47；p=0.006），表明高韧性个体的习惯化斜率比低韧性个体更陡峭。我们发现重复声学惊跳刺激的皮肤电导反应习惯化与韧性相关心理测量结构之间的联系，这一关键发现表明反应习惯化范式有可能描述认知适应和幸福感的重要特征，如抑郁、焦虑和韧性。具有陡峭的负斜率反映更快的习惯化、更低的抑郁/焦虑和更高的韧性，以及更慢或没有习惯化特征的韧性较低的个体，该方案可能为客观评估和监测心理韧性提供一种无失真的方法。
