Czajka Szymon, Grabowski Andrzej, Małek Paweł, Wyciszczok Anna, Korlacki Wojciech
Department of Children Developmental Defects Surgery and Traumatology in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia School of Medicine in Katowice, Katowice, Poland.
Wiad Lek. 2018;71(8):1571-1581.
Introduction: Urinary incontinence should be treated as a pathology in patients who are at least 5 years old, a few percent of patients continue to suffer from this disorderin adolescence. It can be qualified as day-time incontinence (DUI) and nocturnal-incontinence (enuresis-NE). The aim: To assess the incidence of micturition disorders in children aged 7 to 10, to analyze accompanying symptoms and compare the results with previous studies.
Material and methods: Parents of 954 children (491 girls and 463 boys) were surveyed during parent-teacher meetings held in 2017 in 11 randomly selected schools in southern Poland. The questionnaire was based on International Children's Continence Society guidelines. Study population was divided into subgroups according to demographical data, presence of accompanying symptoms and the type of micturition disorder.
Results: Minor wetting was common in the studied population, however the group of children with clinically significant incontinence becomes smaller after applying current ICCS criteria. ≥1 symptom of urinary bladder malfunction was reported in 18% of cases (17.5% girls and 18.8% boys). Significant (≥1/month) NE was present in 1,7 % of children and significant (≥1/month) DUI in 2,2%. Significant NE combined with significant DUI occurred in 1% of children. Relationships between incontinence and the age at which children stopped wearing diapers, urinary tract infections, soiling and constipation episodes were observed.
Conclusions: Unified and clearly defined terminology should be used in order to correctly describe and compare the scale of this problem. Urinary incontinence should not be underestimated, because if untreated it may lead to physical, psychological and social disorders.
引言：对于至少5岁的患者，尿失禁应被视为一种病症，少数患者在青春期仍患有这种疾病。它可分为日间尿失禁（DUI）和夜间尿失禁（尿床 - NE）。目的：评估7至10岁儿童排尿障碍的发生率，分析伴随症状，并将结果与先前的研究进行比较。
材料与方法：在2017年于波兰南部随机选取的11所学校举行的家长会期间，对954名儿童（491名女孩和463名男孩）的家长进行了调查。问卷基于国际儿童尿控协会的指南。根据人口统计学数据、伴随症状的存在情况以及排尿障碍的类型，将研究人群分为亚组。
结果：在所研究的人群中，轻微尿床很常见，然而，根据当前国际儿童尿控协会的标准，具有临床显著尿失禁的儿童群体变小了。18%的病例报告有≥1种膀胱功能障碍症状（女孩为17.5%，男孩为18.8%）。1.7%的儿童存在显著（≥1次/月）尿床，2.2%的儿童存在显著（≥1次/月）日间尿失禁。1%的儿童同时存在显著尿床和显著日间尿失禁。观察到尿失禁与儿童停止使用尿布的年龄、尿路感染、弄脏内裤和便秘发作之间的关系。
结论：应使用统一且明确定义的术语，以便正确描述和比较该问题的规模。尿失禁不应被低估，因为如果不治疗，它可能导致身体、心理和社会障碍。
