反复低强度爆炸后对南美栗鼠听力的进行性损害。
Progressive hearing damage after exposure to repeated low-intensity blasts in chinchillas.
机构信息
School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA; Department of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.
出版信息
Hear Res. 2019 Jul;378:33-42. doi: 10.1016/j.heares.2019.01.010. Epub 2019 Jan 17.
Hearing damage caused by blast waves is a frequent and common injury for Service members. However, most studies have focused on high-intensity blast exposures that are known to cause moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), and fewer studies have investigated the progressive hearing damage caused by low-intensity blast exposures (below mild TBI). In this paper, we report our recent study in chinchillas to investigate the auditory function changes over the time course after repetitive exposures to low-intensity blast. Two groups of chinchillas (N = 7 each) were used in this study. Group 1 was for an acute study with 2 blasts and Group 2 for progressive study with 3 blasts on Day 1 and observed for 7 days. Animals in both groups were exposed to blast overpressures of 21-35 kPa (3-5 psi or 180-185 dB SPL) at which the eardrum was usually not ruptured. One ear was left open while another ear was protected with an earplug. Blast overpressures were monitored at the entrance of the ear canal (P0) and near the eardrum in the canal (P1). Auditory brainstem responses (ABRs), distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs), and middle latency responses (MLRs) were measured after each blast series in the acute group and on Days 1, 4, and 7 in the progressive group. Results show that hearing damage was induced in both ears after blast exposure on Day 1 and more damage was observed in open ears than plugged ears. Seven days after the three-blast series, the ABR threshold in open ears was still 7-20 dB higher on average than prior to the blasts. The MLR wave amplitude shifts were observed in both open and protected ears, which indicated central auditory damage. With the protection of an earplug, hearing thresholds had recovered to the pre-blast level by Day 7. Using this chinchilla blast model, acute and progressive hearing damages were quantified in both open and protected ears following repeated low-intensity blast exposures.
爆震波引起的听力损伤是军人常见且频繁发生的损伤。然而，大多数研究都集中在高强度爆震暴露上，因为这种暴露已知会导致中度至重度创伤性脑损伤（TBI），而较少的研究调查了低强度爆震暴露（低于轻度 TBI）引起的渐进性听力损伤。在本文中，我们报告了我们最近在南美栗鼠中的研究，以调查重复低强度爆震暴露后随时间推移的听觉功能变化。这项研究使用了两组南美栗鼠（每组 7 只）。第 1 组用于急性研究，有 2 次爆震，第 2 组用于渐进性研究，在第 1 天进行 3 次爆震，并观察 7 天。两组动物都暴露在 21-35 kPa（3-5 psi 或 180-185 dB SPL）的爆震超压下，此时鼓膜通常不会破裂。一只耳朵未受保护，另一只耳朵用耳塞保护。在耳道入口（P0）和耳道内靠近鼓膜处（P1）监测爆震超压。在急性组中，在每次爆震系列后以及在渐进组中在第 1、4 和 7 天测量听觉脑干反应（ABR）、畸变产物耳声发射（DPOAE）和中潜伏期反应（MLR）。结果表明，在第 1 天爆震暴露后，双耳均出现听力损伤，未受保护的耳朵比受保护的耳朵损伤更严重。在三爆震系列后的 7 天，未受保护的耳朵的 ABR 阈值仍平均比爆震前高 7-20 dB。在未受保护和受保护的耳朵中都观察到 MLR 波幅度变化，表明存在中枢听觉损伤。使用耳塞保护，听力阈值在第 7 天已恢复到爆震前水平。使用这种南美栗鼠爆震模型，在重复低强度爆震暴露后，在未受保护和受保护的耳朵中均定量评估了急性和渐进性听力损伤。
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