Akvaplan-niva, Fram Centre, Hjalmar Johansens Gate 14, 9007 Tromsø, Norway.
Shell Global Solutions International BV, PO BOX 60, 2260 AB Rijswijk, The Netherlands.
Mar Environ Res. 2019 Feb;144:250-254. doi: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2017.12.008. Epub 2018 Jan 5.
With the level of industrial activities increasing in Arctic areas it is crucial to assure that dedicated oil spill response capabilities and strategies are available for deployment in this region. To further build on existing research and improve technologies and methodologies for Arctic oil spill response, nine oil and gas companies established the Arctic Response Technology Joint Industry Program (ART-JIP) in 2012 with the goal to advance Arctic oil spill response strategies and equipment as well as to increase understanding of potential impacts of oil on the Arctic marine environment. As part of the environmental effects research program of the ART-JIP a comprehensive review of the environmental impacts arising from both the oil spill itself and the countermeasures activities was executed. A number of research activities were identified to improve the knowledge base for using a Net Environmental Benefit Analysis (NEBA) in the Arctic. As a follow-up of the review modelling-, laboratory- and field studies were conducted. The data collected from the review and the additional studies have been organized in an information tool to support tool Arctic NEBA. Results from the studies have improved the understanding of what happens to oil once frozen into ice, how the microbe communities are reacting to oil in ice and what the exposure potential and effects are on the marine organisms that live in association with the ice. This output from the ART-JIP will help managing oil spill impacts and will assist in the definition of a response strategy that minimizes effects to the environment.
随着北极地区工业活动水平的提高，确保在该地区部署专门的溢油应急能力和战略至关重要。为了进一步开展现有研究，改进北极溢油应急技术和方法，九家石油和天然气公司于 2012 年成立了北极应急技术联合工业计划（ART-JIP），旨在推进北极溢油应急战略和设备，并提高对石油对北极海洋环境潜在影响的认识。作为 ART-JIP 环境影响研究计划的一部分，对溢油本身和应对措施活动产生的环境影响进行了全面审查。确定了一些研究活动来提高在北极使用净环境效益分析（NEBA）的知识基础。作为审查的后续行动，进行了建模、实验室和现场研究。从审查和其他研究中收集的数据已组织到一个信息工具中，以支持北极 NEBA。这些研究的结果提高了对油一旦冻结在冰中会发生什么的理解，微生物群落对冰中油的反应如何，以及生活在冰中的海洋生物的暴露潜力和影响如何。ART-JIP 的这一成果将有助于管理溢油影响，并有助于制定将对环境的影响降至最低的应对策略。
