Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Department of Paediatrics, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
JAMA Pediatr. 2019 Mar 1;173(3):244-250. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.5056.
Excessive screen time is associated with delays in development; however, it is unclear if greater screen time predicts lower performance scores on developmental screening tests or if children with poor developmental performance receive added screen time as a way to modulate challenging behavior.
To assess the directional association between screen time and child development in a population of mothers and children.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This longitudinal cohort study used a 3-wave, cross-lagged panel model in 2441 mothers and children in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, drawn from the All Our Families study. Data were available when children were aged 24, 36, and 60 months. Data were collected between October 20, 2011, and October 6, 2016. Statistical analyses were conducted from July 31 to November 15, 2018.
Media.
At age 24, 36, and 60 months, children's screen-time behavior (total hours per week) and developmental outcomes (Ages and Stages Questionnaire, Third Edition) were assessed via maternal report.
Of the 2441 children included in the analysis, 1227 (50.2%) were boys. A random-intercepts, cross-lagged panel model revealed that higher levels of screen time at 24 and 36 months were significantly associated with poorer performance on developmental screening tests at 36 months (β, -0.06; 95% CI, -0.10 to -0.01) and 60 months (β, -0.08; 95% CI, -0.13 to -0.02), respectively. These within-person (time-varying) associations statistically controlled for between-person (stable) differences.
The results of this study support the directional association between screen time and child development. Recommendations include encouraging family media plans, as well as managing screen time, to offset the potential consequences of excess use.
过度使用屏幕时间与发育迟缓有关；然而，尚不清楚屏幕时间是否与发育筛查测试中的较低表现评分相关，或者是否存在表现较差的儿童接受更多屏幕时间，以调节挑战性行为。
在母亲和儿童人群中评估屏幕时间与儿童发育之间的定向关联。
设计、设置和参与者：本纵向队列研究使用了加拿大阿尔伯塔省卡尔加里的 All Our Families 研究中的 2441 名母亲和儿童的 3 波交叉滞后面板模型。数据可用于儿童 24、36 和 60 个月时。数据收集于 2011 年 10 月 20 日至 2016 年 10 月 6 日。统计分析于 2018 年 7 月 31 日至 11 月 15 日进行。
媒体。
在 24、36 和 60 个月时，通过母亲报告评估儿童的屏幕时间行为（每周总小时数）和发育结果（年龄和阶段问卷，第三版）。
在纳入分析的 2441 名儿童中，有 1227 名（50.2%）为男孩。随机截距交叉滞后面板模型显示，24 个月和 36 个月时较高的屏幕时间水平与 36 个月（β，-0.06；95%CI，-0.10 至-0.01）和 60 个月（β，-0.08；95%CI，-0.13 至-0.02）的发育筛查测试表现较差显著相关。这些个体内（随时间变化）的关联在统计学上控制了个体间（稳定）的差异。
本研究结果支持屏幕时间与儿童发育之间的定向关联。建议包括鼓励家庭媒体计划以及管理屏幕时间，以抵消过度使用的潜在后果。
