Advance Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Environmental Sciences Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, 202002, India.
Ecotoxicogenomics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India.
Environ Monit Assess. 2019 Jan 28;191(2):107. doi: 10.1007/s10661-019-7228-3.
To evaluate the impact of waste water (WW) irrigation, four Brassica species, namely B. campestris, B. juncea, B. napus, and B. nigra, were grown for 2 years in the agricultural field. First-year experiment (2014-2015) was conducted with the comparative effect of WW and ground water (GW) under a uniform dose of NPK (NPK, kg ha). WW irrigation proved efficacious over GW to increase growth, physiological, and yield parameters. Increase in all parameters was due to the use of WW which leads to the improvement in the physico-chemical properties of soil as compared to resulted soil from GW application. Second-year experiment (2015-2016) therefore deals with WW irrigation only but under interaction with two levels of NPK fertilizers (NPK and NPK, kg ha). Results of this year revealed that maximum enhancement in growth, physiological, and yield parameters was observed at WW × NPK and the input of WW × NPK was not of benefit. WW × NPK treatment was beneficial also because, at this treatment level, the accumulation of Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni, and Cd in leaf and seed was comparatively lesser in amount than that of WW × NPK. The study concluded even though the use of WW was applicable to save freshwater, enhance soil nutrient status, and make N, P, and K balance at their lower inputs, WW irrigation caused accumulation of heavy metals in all Brassica crops far above the safe limits during a quite longer irrigation time (70 days and 105 days after sowing (DAS)). However, WW was safe to use only up to 35 DAS. Therefore, the study suggested that there should be regular monitoring of heavy metal concentrations in irrigation water as well as in various crop vegetables.
为了评估废水灌溉的影响，我们在农业用地中种植了 4 种芸薹属植物，分别是 B. campestris、B. juncea、B. napus 和 B. nigra，进行了为期 2 年的实验。第一年实验（2014-2015 年）比较了 WW 和 GW 在相同 NPK 剂量下的效果（NPK，kg/ha）。WW 灌溉证明比 GW 更有效，可以增加生长、生理和产量参数。所有参数的增加都是由于 WW 的使用，这导致土壤的物理化学性质得到改善，而与 GW 应用导致的土壤相比则有所改善。第二年实验（2015-2016 年）因此只涉及 WW 灌溉，但与两个 NPK 肥料水平（NPK 和 NPK，kg/ha）相互作用。今年的结果表明，在 WW×NPK 处理下，生长、生理和产量参数的最大增强效果最为明显，而 WW×NPK 的输入则没有益处。WW×NPK 处理也是有益的，因为在这个处理水平下，Cr、Cu、Pb、Ni 和 Cd 在叶片和种子中的积累量相对较少，比 WW×NPK 少。研究得出结论，尽管 WW 的使用可以节约淡水、提高土壤养分状况并在较低投入下实现氮、磷、钾的平衡，但 WW 灌溉会导致所有芸薹属作物中重金属的积累量远远超过安全限制，时间相当长（播种后 70 天和 105 天）。然而，WW 仅在播种后 35 天内使用是安全的。因此，该研究建议应定期监测灌溉水中以及各种作物蔬菜中的重金属浓度。
