Sinha Sarita, Gupta Amit K, Bhatt Kavita
Ecotoxicology and Bioremediation Group, Environmental Sciences Division, National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow-226 001, India.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2007 Jun;67(2):267-77. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2006.07.005. Epub 2006 Oct 16.
Agricultural and industrial activities cause heavy metal pollution in the soil, which adversely affect the plant growing therein. The plants of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) were grown in soil amended with different percent of tannery sludge (TS) (10%, 25%, 35%, 50%, and 100% TS) in order to study the effect on antioxidant levels due to translocation of metals (Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Cr, Pb). The accumulation of the metals was found more in shoots than roots, except Fe and Cr. The level of metals in seeds of the plant increased with increase in sludge amendments ratio except Mn, which decreased in roots, shoots, and seeds of the plant. Chromium was found below detection limits in the seeds at 10% and 25% TS. Correlation coefficient (r) between total metal accumulation and extractable metals showed that Zn (P<0.01), Cr (P<0.01), and Cu (P<0.05) are significantly correlated, whereas, correlation with pH showed significant positive relation with all the studied metals except Mn. Significant positive correlation was recorded between metal accumulation (Fe, Zn, Cu) and electrical conductivity, cation exchange capacity, and organic matter, however, Zn, Cr, and Cu showed significant positive correlation with bulk density, nitrate, ammonia, and available phosphorus. The analysis of the results showed that total chlorophyll content showed significant (P< 0.5) increase in lower amendment of sludge (up to 35% TS at 30 d and 25% TS at 60 d) as over their controls. In roots, malondialdehyde, cysteine, non-protein thiol, proline, protein, ascorbic acid contents increased up to 35% TS at 30 d. Principal component analysis also showed that strong association exists among malondialdehyde, nonprotein thiol, protein, and cysteine contents in the plants grown on different amendments of TS. The level of antioxidants increased which enabled the plant to cope up the stress induced in the plants grown on lower amendments of TS, however, toxicity was observed at higher amendments.
农业和工业活动导致土壤重金属污染，对生长在其中的植物产生不利影响。为了研究金属（铁、锌、锰、铜、铬、铅）的转运对抗氧化水平的影响，在添加了不同比例制革污泥（TS）（10%、25%、35%、50%和100% TS）的土壤中种植胡芦巴（Trigonella foenum - graecum L.）植株。除了铁和铬，发现金属在地上部分的积累多于根部。植物种子中的金属含量随着污泥添加比例的增加而增加，但锰除外，锰在植物的根、地上部分和种子中含量下降。在10%和25% TS时，种子中的铬低于检测限。总金属积累量与可提取金属之间的相关系数（r）表明，锌（P<0.01）、铬（P<0.01）和铜（P<0.05）显著相关，而与pH的相关性表明，除锰外，与所有研究金属均呈显著正相关。金属积累（铁、锌、铜）与电导率、阳离子交换容量和有机质之间存在显著正相关，然而，锌、铬和铜与容重、硝酸盐、氨和有效磷呈显著正相关。结果分析表明，在较低的污泥添加量下（30天时高达35% TS，60天时高达25% TS），总叶绿素含量较对照有显著（P<0.5）增加。在根部，丙二醛、半胱氨酸、非蛋白硫醇、脯氨酸、蛋白质、抗坏血酸含量在30天时增加至35% TS。主成分分析还表明，在不同TS添加量下生长的植物中，丙二醛、非蛋白硫醇、蛋白质和半胱氨酸含量之间存在强关联。抗氧化剂水平的增加使植物能够应对在较低TS添加量下生长的植物所受到的胁迫，然而，在较高添加量下观察到了毒性。
