Yale School of Public Health and Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Int J Parasitol. 2019 Feb;49(2):165-174. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2018.11.007. Epub 2019 Jan 26.
Babesiosis is a worldwide emerging tick-borne disease that is increasing in frequency and geographic range. It imposes a significant health burden, especially on those who are immunocompromised and those who acquire the infection through blood transfusion. Death from babesiosis occurs in up to 20 percent of these groups. Diagnosis is confirmed with identification of typical intraerythrocytic parasites on a thin blood smear or Babesia DNA using PCR. Treatment consists of atovaquone and azithromycin or clindamycin and quinine, and exchange transfusion in severe cases. Personal and communal protective measures can limit the burden of infection but it is important to recognize that none of these measures are likely to prevent the continued expansion of Babesia into non-endemic areas.
巴贝斯虫病是一种全球性的新兴蜱传疾病，其发病率和地理范围正在不断扩大。它给人类健康带来了巨大的负担，尤其是对免疫功能低下者和因输血而感染的人群。在这些人群中，巴贝斯虫病的死亡率高达 20%。通过在薄血涂片上识别典型的红细胞内寄生虫或使用 PCR 检测巴贝斯虫 DNA 可确诊该病。治疗方法包括阿托伐醌和阿奇霉素或克林霉素和奎宁，严重情况下还需要进行换血治疗。个人和社区的防护措施可以限制感染负担，但需要认识到，这些措施都不太可能阻止巴贝斯虫继续向非流行地区传播。
