Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK; Advanced Manufacturing Technologies, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, UK.
Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
J Biotechnol. 2019 Mar 10;293:56-65. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2019.01.006. Epub 2019 Jan 26.
N-Alkylated-α-amino acids are useful building blocks for the pharmaceutical and fine chemical industries. Enantioselective methods of N-alkylated-α-amino acid synthesis are therefore highly valuable and widely investigated. While there are a variety of chemical methods for their synthesis, they often employ stoichiometric quantities of hazardous reagents such as pyrophoric metal hydrides or genotoxic alkylating agents, whereas biocatalytic routes can provide a greener and cleaner alternative to existing methods. This review highlights the occurrence of the N-alkyl-α-amino acid motif and its role in nature, important applications towards human health and biocatalytic methods of preparation. Several enzyme classes that can be used to access chiral N-alkylated-α-amino acids and their substrate selectivities are detailed.
N-烷基-α-氨基酸在医药和精细化工行业中是非常有用的构建模块。因此，对 N-烷基-α-氨基酸的对映选择性合成方法的研究具有重要的价值。虽然有很多化学方法可以用于它们的合成，但这些方法通常需要使用化学计量的危险试剂，如易燃的金属氢化物或遗传毒性的烷基化试剂，而生物催化途径可以为现有的方法提供一种更绿色、更清洁的替代方案。本文综述了 N-烷基-α-氨基酸的结构单元及其在自然界中的存在情况，以及它在人类健康方面的重要应用和生物催化制备方法。详细介绍了几种可以用于获得手性 N-烷基-α-氨基酸的酶类及其底物选择性。
