Degteva M O, Shishkina E A, Tolstykh E I, Vozilova A V, Shagina N B, Volchkova A Yu, Ivanov D V, Zalyapin V I, Akleyev A V
Radiats Biol Radioecol. 2017 Jan;57(1):30-41.
Release of liquid radioactive waste into the Techa River from the Mayak Production Association during 1949-1956 resulted in a significant exposure of about 30000 people who lived in downstream settlements. The residents were exposed to internal and external radiation. The article discusses the capability of two methods that were used 50 years after the termination of radioactive discharges for the dose reconstruction, namely EPR measurements of tooth enamel, and FISH measurements of stable chromosome aberrations in circulating lymphocytes. The Main issue in the application of these methods for the dose reconstruction was local irradiation from strontium radioisotopes incorporated in teeth and bones. The EPR and FISH assays were supported by measurements of the 90Sr content in the skeleton and teeth in order to estimate and subtract internal doses from incorporated 89, 90Sr. The resulting dose estimates obtained from EPR and FISH mea- surements were found to be consistent The settlement-averaged values in the upper-Techa Region varied from 550-570 mGy to 130-160 mGy and showed a reduction with the distance from the release site. The EPR- and FISH-based dose estimates were in agreement with the doses calculated with the dosimetry system TRDS that uses data on radionuclide contamination of the Techa River floodplain and individual residential histories.
1949年至1956年期间，马亚克生产协会向捷恰河排放液态放射性废物，导致约30000名居住在下游定居点的居民受到大量辐射照射。这些居民受到了内照射和外照射。本文讨论了在放射性排放终止50年后用于剂量重建的两种方法的能力，即牙釉质的电子顺磁共振（EPR）测量和循环淋巴细胞中稳定染色体畸变的荧光原位杂交（FISH）测量。将这些方法应用于剂量重建的主要问题是牙齿和骨骼中所含锶放射性同位素的局部照射。通过测量骨骼和牙齿中的90Sr含量来支持EPR和FISH检测，以便估计并减去所含89、90Sr的内照射剂量。发现从EPR和FISH测量中获得的剂量估计值是一致的。捷恰河上游地区的定居点平均值在550 - 570 mGy至130 - 160 mGy之间，并随着与排放点距离的增加而降低。基于EPR和FISH的剂量估计值与使用捷恰河漫滩放射性核素污染数据和个人居住史的剂量测定系统TRDS计算的剂量一致。
