Nivala Jaime, van Afferden Manfred, Hasselbach Ralf, Langergraber Guenter, Molle Pascal, Rustige Heribert, Nowak Jens
Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research- UFZ, Leipzig, Germany E-mail:
Entsorgungsverbad Saar - EVS, Saarbrücken, Germany.
Water Sci Technol. 2018 Dec;78(11):2414-2426. doi: 10.2166/wst.2018.530.
The German Association for Water, Wastewater and Waste e.V. (DWA) has published a new standard for the dimensioning, construction, and operation of constructed wetlands for treatment of domestic and municipal wastewater. The changes to the standard are based on a wide range of experience gained in recent years in Germany and Europe. For the first time ever, the standard has been officially translated and published in English. This paper summarizes the new standard for secondary treatment of domestic wastewater with classical one-stage unsaturated vertical flow (VF) wetlands, VF wetlands with lava sand for treatment of wastewater from combined sewer systems, and actively aerated VF and horizontal flow (HF) flow wetlands. Two-stage unsaturated VF wetlands treating raw wastewater (French VF wetlands), are also included in the new standard. HF wetlands are no longer described in the standard for secondary treatment of domestic wastewater. This does not exclude their application. Existing HF wetland systems in Germany may continue to be operated so long as effluent parameters are met and proper operations and maintenance is ensured. This paper gives an overview of the new design standard, including key information on wastewater type and loading, as well as primary attributes of each wetland design.
德国水、废水和废弃物协会（DWA）发布了一项新的标准，用于指导处理生活污水和城市污水的人工湿地的尺寸设计、建设及运行。该标准的修订基于近年来德国和欧洲积累的丰富经验。该标准首次被正式翻译成英文并出版。本文总结了利用传统单级非饱和垂直流（VF）湿地、用于处理合流制排水系统废水的含火山砂VF湿地以及主动曝气VF和水平流（HF）湿地对生活污水进行二级处理的新标准。处理原污水的两级非饱和VF湿地（法国VF湿地）也被纳入新标准。新标准中不再描述用于生活污水二级处理的HF湿地。但这并不排除其应用。只要出水参数达标且能确保正确的运行和维护，德国现有的HF湿地系统可继续运行。本文概述了新的设计标准，包括有关废水类型和负荷的关键信息，以及每种湿地设计的主要特性。
