Afonso P Diana, Isaac Amanda, Villagrán José Martel
Musculoskeletal Imaging Unit, Department of Radiology, Hospital da Luz, Grupo Luz Saúde, Lisbon, Portugal.
Department of Radiology, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Loures, Portugal.
Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 2019 Feb;23(1):3-18. doi: 10.1055/s-0038-1675550. Epub 2019 Jan 30.
Chondroid tumors are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms that all share the production of chondroid matrix. This ranges from a fetal type to mature hyaline cartilage and mirrors its imaging characteristics.The benign chondroid tumors represent some of the most encountered incidental bone lesions, with osteochondroma the most frequent benign bone tumor. Enchondroma is mostly asymptomatic, and yet it is probably the second most common primary bone tumor. Similarly, its malignant counterpart, chondrosarcoma, is the second most common malignant primary bone tumor.The 2013 World Health Organization (WHO) updated this group of tumors, and grade 1 chondrosarcoma was renamed "atypical cartilage tumor" and classified as an intermediate type of tumor, not a malignancy, which better describes its clinical behavior.In this article we summarize changes made in the updated 2013 WHO classification and highlight the diagnostic features differentiating an enchondroma from a low-grade chondrosarcoma. We also describe practical imaging aspects of the remaining chondroid tumors.
软骨样肿瘤是一组异质性肿瘤，它们都有软骨样基质的产生。其范围从胎儿型到成熟透明软骨，并反映出其影像学特征。良性软骨样肿瘤是一些最常见的偶然发现的骨病变，骨软骨瘤是最常见的良性骨肿瘤。内生软骨瘤大多无症状，但它可能是第二常见的原发性骨肿瘤。同样，其恶性对应物软骨肉瘤是第二常见的原发性恶性骨肿瘤。2013年世界卫生组织（WHO）对这组肿瘤进行了更新，1级软骨肉瘤被重新命名为“非典型软骨肿瘤”，并被归类为中间型肿瘤，而非恶性肿瘤，这更准确地描述了其临床行为。在本文中，我们总结了2013年WHO更新分类中的变化，并强调了区分内生软骨瘤和低级别软骨肉瘤的诊断特征。我们还描述了其余软骨样肿瘤的实际影像学表现。
