Handiseni Maxwell, Jo Young-Ki, Zhou Xin-Gen Shane
AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Texas A&M University System, Beaumont 77713.
Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843.
Plant Dis. 2015 Jun;99(6):883-885. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-08-14-0845-RE. Epub 2015 May 15.
Sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani is the most important rice disease that can cause significant losses in grain yield and quality in the southern United States. Current management options for sheath blight primarily consist of fungicides, tolerant cultivars, and cultural practices. These options are not always very effective. Brassica plants have been used for soil fumigation to manage a variety of different soilborne pathogens. In this field study, the efficacy of a Brassica juncea cover crop integrated with use of a tolerant rice cultivar and fungicide application was evaluated in 2011, 2012, and 2013. The B. juncea cover crop significantly lowered sheath blight severity in all 3 years and led to a significantly higher grain yield in 2013 as compared with the fallow control. 'Presidio' rice had lower sheath blight severity and higher yield than 'Cocodrie' in 2012 and 2013. Fungicide applications with azoxystrobin at the label rate (0.16 kg a.i./ha) or half the label rate (0.08 kg a.i./ha) significantly reduced sheath blight severity in all 3 years, resulting in a yield increase in 2 of the 3 years. B. juncea along with use of a tolerant rice cultivar and half the label rate of azoxystrobin can be an effective approach for management of sheath blight in rice.
由立枯丝核菌引起的纹枯病是美国南部最重要的水稻病害，可导致谷物产量和品质大幅下降。目前纹枯病的防治方法主要包括使用杀菌剂、耐病品种和栽培措施。这些方法并不总是非常有效。十字花科植物已被用于土壤熏蒸，以防治多种不同的土传病原体。在这项田间研究中，于2011年、2012年和2013年评估了芥菜覆盖作物与耐病水稻品种及杀菌剂施用相结合的效果。芥菜覆盖作物在这3年中均显著降低了纹枯病的严重程度，与休闲对照相比，2013年的谷物产量显著更高。在2012年和2013年，“Presidio”水稻的纹枯病严重程度低于“Cocodrie”，产量更高。按照标签剂量（0.16千克有效成分/公顷）或标签剂量的一半（0.08千克有效成分/公顷）施用嘧菌酯杀菌剂在这3年中均显著降低了纹枯病的严重程度，在3年中有2年实现了增产。芥菜与耐病水稻品种及标签剂量一半的嘧菌酯一起使用，可能是防治水稻纹枯病的有效方法。
