Kunwar Sanju, Paret Mathews L, Olson Stephen M, Ritchie Laura, Rich Jimmy R, Freeman Josh, McAvoy Theodore
North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Quincy 32351.
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Department of Horticulture, Blacksburg 24061.
Plant Dis. 2015 Jan;99(1):119-124. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-09-13-0936-RE.
Root-knot nematodes (RKNs; Meloidogyne spp.) and Ralstonia solanacearum, the causal agent of bacterial wilt, are major soilborne pathogens in U.S. tomato production. Methyl bromide has been used for decades to effectively manage RKN but its phase-out and the high cost of other effective fumigants such as 1,3-dichloropropene has resulted in a need to develop sustainable alternatives. Many of the commercially popular varieties used by the tomato industry do not have resistance to RKNs and R. solanacearum. Recent studies worldwide have shown the potential for grafting using resistant rootstocks as a sustainable and ecofriendly practice for R. solanacearum management. However, the effectiveness of R. solanacearum-resistant rootstocks on RKN management is not known. In this study, three commercially available R. solanacearum-resistant tomato rootstocks ('RST-04-106-T', 'BHN 998', and 'BHN 1054') were evaluated for resistance to Meloidogyne incognita in field tomato production in four field trials conducted for two consecutive years in two geographical locations: Florida and Virginia. Grafting rootstocks onto 'BHN 602' a tomato scion susceptible to bacterial wilt and RKNs, significantly reduced root galling caused by RKNs in all four field trials and increased yield in two of the trials compared with the nongrafted treatment. This study demonstrates the potential of grafting for managing multiple soilborne pathogens using the same rootstocks.
根结线虫（RKNs；南方根结线虫属）和青枯雷尔氏菌（细菌性枯萎病的病原体）是美国番茄生产中的主要土传病原体。几十年来，甲基溴一直被用于有效防治根结线虫，但它的逐步淘汰以及其他有效熏蒸剂（如1,3 - 二氯丙烯）的高成本导致需要开发可持续的替代方法。番茄产业使用的许多商业流行品种对根结线虫和青枯雷尔氏菌没有抗性。最近全球的研究表明，使用抗性砧木进行嫁接作为一种可持续且环保的青枯雷尔氏菌防治方法具有潜力。然而，抗青枯雷尔氏菌砧木对根结线虫防治的有效性尚不清楚。在本研究中，对三种市售的抗青枯雷尔氏菌番茄砧木（“RST - 04 - 106 - T”、“BHN 998”和“BHN 1054”）在佛罗里达州和弗吉尼亚州两个地理位置连续两年进行的四项田间试验中，评估了它们对南方根结线虫的抗性。将砧木嫁接到对细菌性枯萎病和根结线虫敏感的番茄接穗“BHN 602”上，与未嫁接处理相比，在所有四项田间试验中均显著减少了根结线虫引起的根瘤，并在两项试验中提高了产量。本研究证明了使用相同砧木嫁接来管理多种土传病原体的潜力。
