Kokalis-Burelle Nancy, Butler David M, Hong Jason C, Bausher Michael G, McCollum Greg, Rosskopf Erin N
USDA-ARS, U.S. Horticultural Research Lab, 2001 South Rock Rd., Fort Pierce, FL, 34945.
University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN.
J Nematol. 2016 Dec;48(4):231-240. doi: 10.21307/jofnem-2017-031.
Two years of field trials conducted in a infested field evaluated grafting and Paladin Pic-21 (dimethyl disulfide:chloropicrin [DMDS:Pic] 79:21) for root-knot nematode and weed control in tomato and melon. Tomato rootstocks evaluated were; 'TX301', 'Multifort', and 'Aloha'. 'Florida 47' was the scion and the nongrafted control. A double crop of melon was planted into existing beds following tomato harvest. Melon rootstocks, and 'Tetsukabuto', were evaluated with nongrafted 'Athena' in year 1. In year 2, watermelon followed tomato with scion variety 'Tri-X Palomar' as the control and also grafted onto 'Emphasis' and 'Strongtosa' rootstocks. Four soil treatments were applied in fall both years under Canslit metalized film; Paladin Pic-21, methyl bromide:chloropicrin (MeBr:C33, 67:33), Midas (iodomethane:chloropicrin 50:50), and a herbicide-treated control. J in soil were highest in herbicide control plots and nongrafted tomato. All soil treatments produced similar tomato growth, which was greater than the herbicide control. All treatments reduced J in roots compared to the herbicide control. 'Multifort' rootstock produced the largest and healthiest roots; however, the number of isolated from roots did not differ among the tomato rootstocks tested. Galling on tomato was highest in herbicide control plots and nongrafted plants. In melon, J in soil did not differ among melon rootstocks, but numbers isolated from melon rootstocks increased in 'Tetsukabuto' compared with . 'Tetsukabuto' were larger root systems than nongrafted 'Athena'. All fumigants provided protection for all melon rootstocks against galling by compared to the herbicide control. Galling on rootstock was less in all fumigant treatments compared with nongrafted 'Athena' and 'Tetsukabuto'. In watermelon, in soil and roots did not differ among soil treatments or watermelon rootstocks, and yield was lower in both grafted rootstocks compared with the nongrafted control. All soil treatments increased average fruit weight of watermelon compared with the herbicide control, and provided effective weed control, keeping the most predominant weed, purple nutsedge ( L.), density at or below 1/m row. Grafting commercial scions onto -resistant rootstocks has potential for nematode management combined with soil treatments or as a stand-alone component in crop production systems.
在一块受侵染的田地里进行了为期两年的田间试验，评估嫁接以及使用Paladin Pic - 21（二甲基二硫醚：氯化苦 [DMDS:Pic] 79:21）对番茄和甜瓜进行根结线虫防治及杂草控制的效果。评估的番茄砧木品种有‘TX301’、‘Multifort’和‘Aloha’。‘Florida 47’作为接穗以及非嫁接对照。番茄收获后，在现有的苗床上种植了一茬甜瓜。在第一年，对甜瓜砧木品种以及‘铁甲虫’与非嫁接的‘雅典娜’进行了评估。在第二年，番茄收获后种植西瓜，以接穗品种‘Tri - X Palomar’作为对照，同时也将其嫁接到‘Emphasis’和‘Strongtosa’砧木上。两年秋季，在Canslit金属化薄膜覆盖下进行了四种土壤处理；Paladin Pic - 21、甲基溴：氯化苦（MeBr:C3 3, 67:33）、Midas（碘甲烷：氯化苦50:50）以及一个除草剂处理对照。土壤中的J在除草剂对照地块和非嫁接番茄中最高。所有土壤处理的番茄生长情况相似，且均优于除草剂对照。与除草剂对照相比，所有处理均降低了根中的J。‘Multifort’砧木长出的根系最大且最健康；然而，从所测试的番茄砧木根系中分离出的（某种东西，原文未明确）数量并无差异。番茄上的虫瘿在除草剂对照地块和非嫁接植株中最多。在甜瓜中，土壤中的J在不同甜瓜砧木间无差异，但与（某个对照，原文未明确）相比，从‘铁甲虫’甜瓜砧木中分离出的（某种东西，原文未明确）数量增加。‘铁甲虫’的根系比非嫁接的‘雅典娜’更大。与除草剂对照相比，所有熏蒸剂都能为所有甜瓜砧木提供防治虫瘿的保护。与非嫁接的‘雅典娜’和‘铁甲虫’相比，所有熏蒸剂处理下嫁接砧木上的虫瘿都更少。在西瓜中，土壤和根系中的（某种东西，原文未明确）在土壤处理或西瓜砧木间无差异，且两种嫁接砧木的产量均低于非嫁接对照。与除草剂对照相比，所有土壤处理均增加了西瓜的平均果实重量，并提供了有效的杂草控制，使最主要的杂草——紫花莎草（Cyperus rotundus L.）的密度保持在每米行1株或更低。将商业接穗嫁接到抗（某种东西，原文未明确）的砧木上，在结合土壤处理进行线虫管理或作为作物生产系统中的独立组成部分方面具有潜力。
