Roumiantzeff M
Institute Mérieux, Lyon, France.
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 1988 Dec;19(4):549-61.
Attempts to control human rabies have a long history: animal and human vaccines provide efficient weapons for prevention. In this presentation, we would like to consider the different rabies vaccines available for human use, and particularly the modern vaccines produced in cell culture. Rabies virus is considered as an unique virus, but in fact, 5 groups of rabies fixed strains are used throughout the world to produce human rabies vaccines: Pasteur, Beijing, Flury, Fuenzalida and SAD strains. The Pasteur-derived strains, designated PV or PM, are the most widely used for the production of traditional vaccines of the Semple or Suckling Mouse Brain (SMB) types, but also for the production of modern cell culture vaccines: Human Diploid and Purified Vero Cell vaccines (HDCV and PVRV). The different rabies vaccines should be classified according to the cell system used to cultivate the virus: animal systems are still employed to produce the old traditional vaccines-Semple and SMB-which continue to be produced in several countries; Primary cell systems, particularly Hamster Kidney and Chick embryo cells, are used; Cell lines are presently the most interesting approach for vaccine production. The use of the human diploid cell system permitted the development of the HDCV, the most widely distributed cell culture rabies vaccine, and today considered as the reference vaccine. The heteroploid VERO cell line was introduced in 1982 to the production of inactivated rabies vaccine; it retained all the advantages of the Human Diploid Cell system, while offering the possibility of the large scale industrial production of PVRV. For both HDCV and PVRV, production security is guaranteed by the existence of a master cell seed and working cell bank, with a complete history of the cell, a limited number of passages and permanent and total quality control of the cell substrate. The principal human rabies vaccines produced worldwide at present using cell culture are compared, in terms of their technical characteristics and their capacity economically to face worldwide vaccine needs. The greatest needs are today in tropical countries, where only a limited amount of modern cell culture vaccines are used.
动物疫苗和人用疫苗为预防提供了有效的武器。在本次演讲中，我们想探讨一下现有的不同人用狂犬病疫苗，尤其是细胞培养生产的现代疫苗。狂犬病病毒被认为是一种独特的病毒，但实际上，全世界用于生产人用狂犬病疫苗的有5组狂犬病固定毒株：巴斯德株、北京株、弗吕里株、富恩扎利达株和SAD株。源自巴斯德株的毒株，命名为PV或PM，不仅被广泛用于生产传统的森普尔或乳鼠脑（SMB）型疫苗，也用于生产现代细胞培养疫苗：人二倍体细胞狂犬病疫苗和纯化Vero细胞狂犬病疫苗（HDCV和PVRV）。不同的狂犬病疫苗应根据用于培养病毒的细胞系统进行分类：动物系统仍被用于生产旧的传统疫苗——森普尔疫苗和SMB疫苗，仍有几个国家在生产；原代细胞系统，特别是仓鼠肾细胞和鸡胚细胞，也被使用；细胞系目前是疫苗生产中最具前景的方法。人二倍体细胞系统的使用促成了HDCV的研发，这是分布最广的细胞培养狂犬病疫苗，如今被视为参考疫苗。异倍体VERO细胞系于1982年被引入狂犬病灭活疫苗的生产；它保留了人二倍体细胞系统的所有优点，同时提供了大规模工业化生产PVRV的可能性。对于HDCV和PVRV，通过主细胞库和工作细胞库的存在来保证生产安全，细胞有完整的历史记录、传代次数有限，并且对细胞基质进行永久性和全面的质量控制。目前全球使用细胞培养生产的主要人用狂犬病疫苗在技术特性和经济上满足全球疫苗需求的能力方面进行了比较。如今需求最大的是热带国家，在这些国家，现代细胞培养疫苗的使用量有限。
