Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, University of Michigan, 4034 Biological Sciences Building, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
New Phytol. 2019 Jul;223(1):68-82. doi: 10.1111/nph.15723. Epub 2019 Mar 10.
The evolution of herbicide resistance in crop weeds presents one of the greatest challenges to agriculture and the production of food. Herbicide resistance has been studied for more than 60 yr, in the large part by researchers seeking to design effective weed control programs. As an outcome of this work, various unique questions in plant adaptation have been addressed. Here, I collate recent research on the herbicide-resistant problem in light of key questions and themes in evolution and ecology. I highlight discoveries made on herbicide-resistant weeds in three broad areas - the genetic basis of adaptation, evolutionary constraints, experimental evolution - and similarly discuss questions left to be answered. I then develop how one would use herbicide-resistance evolution as a model for studying eco-evolutionary dynamics within a community context. My overall goals are to highlight important findings in the weed science literature that are relevant to themes in plant adaptation and to stimulate the use of herbicide-resistant plants as models for addressing key questions within ecology and evolution.
杂草对除草剂的抗药性演变是农业和粮食生产面临的最大挑战之一。人们对除草剂抗性的研究已经持续了 60 多年，其中大部分研究是由寻求设计有效杂草控制方案的研究人员进行的。作为这项工作的结果，针对植物适应的各种独特问题进行了研究。在这里，我根据进化和生态学的关键问题和主题，整理了最近关于除草剂抗性问题的研究。我重点介绍了在三个广泛领域中发现的关于抗除草剂杂草的发现——适应的遗传基础、进化约束、实验进化——并同样讨论了有待回答的问题。然后，我探讨了如何将除草剂抗性演变用作研究群落背景下生态-进化动态的模型。我的总体目标是突出杂草科学文献中与植物适应主题相关的重要发现，并鼓励将抗除草剂植物用作解决生态学和进化关键问题的模型。
