[Psychological and psychosocial factors and relevant therapeutic measures in spontaneous abortion and recurrent spontaneous abortion and habitual abortion].

It has been demonstrated that psychological and psychosocial factors are implicated in spontaneous and recurrent spontaneous abortions. According to these results we showed in our review, that certain psychological disorders, such as anxiety and nervousness, psychosomatic and personality disorders, negative attitude towards sexuality and pregnancy, parental conflicts and others may impair pregnancy outcome. Severe psychological and psychiatric problems prior to pregnancy were rarely evidenced, in opposite, depressive reactions after pregnancy loss frequently observed. The results suggest possible interactions between etiologic and psychoreactive parameters. Relations between nervous system and reproductive organs may explain influences of stress upon pregnancy outcome, as elevated stress hormones (catecholamines, cortisol) are able to reduce fetal vascularisation and oxygen supply and possibly induce labour and abortion. These observations are of interest, because in a considerable number of cases cannot be found. Adequate counseling and therapeutics may help overcome depressive reactions after pregnancy loss and avoid further complications.