Bennett Robb, Blagoev Gergin, Copley Claudia
Department of Entomology, Natural History Section, Royal British Columbia Museum, 675 Belleville Street, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 9W2, Canada Royal British Columbia Museum Victoria Canada.
Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, 579 Gordon Street, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada University of Guelph Guelph Canada.
Zookeys. 2019 Jan 24(819):41-56. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.819.26391. eCollection 2019.
In 1979 nearly 1400 spider species in 32 families either had been recorded (1249) or were believed to occur (~140) in Canada. Twenty years later, although significant progress had been made in survey efforts in some regions, Canada's spider inventory had only increased by approximately 7% to roughly 1500 species known or expected to occur. The family count had increased to 38 but only two additions were truly novel (five family additions and one family deletion were the result of advances in family-level systematics). The first comprehensive taxonomic checklist of Canadian spider species was published in 2010 documenting the regional distributions of 1376 species representing 42 families (three novel since 1999). From 2010 through 2017 new national records steadily accumulated resulting in the current (2018) Canadian inventory of 1477 species classified in 45 families (one novel since 2010). Although there has been close to a 20% increase in the number of spider species recorded in Canada since 1979, much greater increases have occurred in some of the regional species checklists, indicating increasing knowledge of the regional distribution of species previously recorded elsewhere in Canada. For example the regional checklists for Newfoundland, British Columbia, and Prince Edward Island have increased by 69%, 339%, and 520%, respectively. The national and regional increases reflect significant advances in the first two decades of the 21 Century in spider faunistics research in previously under-sampled habitats and regions and the development of molecular techniques and consequent barcoding of spiders. Of the 1477 species recorded in Canada, 92% have been successfully DNA barcoded resulting in 1623 unique Barcode Index Numbers (BINs). At least 25 of the BINs are associated with relatively easily distinguished but undescribed morpho-species. The majority, however, appear to indicate the existence of many cryptic species within Canada's known spider fauna. These data, coupled with the fact that novel Canadian or even Nearctic spider species records (including of undescribed species) continue to accumulate annually (especially in habitat-diverse regions such as British Columbia), suggest that Canada's tally of spider species may approach or even exceed 1800.
1979年，加拿大记录了32个科中的近1400种蜘蛛（已记录1249种），另有约140种被认为可能存在。二十年后，尽管在一些地区的调查工作取得了显著进展，但加拿大已知或预计存在的蜘蛛种类仅增加了约7%，达到约1500种。科的数量增加到了38个，但真正新增的只有两个（五个科的增加和一个科的减少是科级分类学进展的结果）。2010年出版了第一份加拿大蜘蛛种类的综合分类学清单，记录了代表42个科的1376种蜘蛛的区域分布（自1999年以来新增了三个科）。从2010年到2017年，新的国家记录稳步积累，形成了目前（2018年）加拿大的蜘蛛清单，共1477种，分为45个科（自2010年以来新增了一个科）。尽管自1979年以来加拿大记录的蜘蛛种类增加了近20%，但一些地区的物种清单增加幅度更大，这表明对加拿大其他地区先前记录的物种区域分布的了解在增加。例如，纽芬兰、不列颠哥伦比亚和爱德华王子岛的区域清单分别增加了69%、339%和520%。国家和地区的增长反映了21世纪头二十年蜘蛛区系研究在先前采样不足的栖息地和地区取得的重大进展，以及分子技术的发展和随之而来的蜘蛛条形码研究。在加拿大记录的1477种蜘蛛中，92%已成功进行了DNA条形码分析，产生了1623个独特的条形码索引号（BINs）。至少25个BINs与相对容易区分但未描述的形态物种相关。然而，大多数似乎表明加拿大已知蜘蛛动物群中存在许多隐性物种。这些数据，再加上新的加拿大乃至近北极蜘蛛种类记录（包括未描述的种类）每年都在继续积累（特别是在不列颠哥伦比亚等栖息地多样的地区），表明加拿大的蜘蛛种类数量可能接近甚至超过1800种。
