Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore.
J Infect Dis. 2019 Apr 8;219(Suppl_1):S97-S106. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiz024.
Influenza vaccines have a long history of safety and demonstrated efficacy; however, they are seldom used in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Although reasons for underuse are multifactorial and differ from country to country, the need for up to twice-annual reformulation and yearly vaccination are obstacles to influenza prevention in LMICs. Major efforts are underway to produce next-generation influenza vaccines that provide durable protection against drifted strains, and such vaccines could address these unmet needs. However, additional information is required to influence immunization policies in most LMICs. Better estimates of vaccine impact on important public health outcomes, more affordable vaccines, improved programmatic suitability, and strengthened immunization delivery infrastructures are needed and must be considered early during the development of new vaccines if widespread adoption in LMICs is to be achieved.
流感疫苗具有悠久的安全性和有效性历史；然而，它们在中低收入国家（LMICs）很少使用。尽管使用率低的原因是多方面的，且因国家而异，但需要进行多达每年两次的配方改革和每年接种疫苗，这成为了 LMICs 预防流感的障碍。目前正在大力开发下一代流感疫苗，以提供针对漂移株的持久保护，此类疫苗可以满足这些未满足的需求。然而，大多数 LMICs 需要更多信息来影响免疫政策。需要更好地估计疫苗对重要公共卫生结果的影响，更实惠的疫苗，改进的项目适用性，以及加强免疫接种提供基础设施，如果要在 LMICs 中广泛采用，就必须在新疫苗的开发过程中尽早考虑这些因素。
