1 Division of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
2 Department of Mathematical Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
Breastfeed Med. 2019 Apr;14(3):144-153. doi: 10.1089/bfm.2018.0113. Epub 2019 Feb 4.
Human breast milk (HBM) is considered inadequate in meeting protein requirements, especially for very low birth weight (VLBW) infants, which could affect body composition.
The primary objective was to determine the effect of HBM on body composition of HIV-exposed and unexposed preterm VLBW and extremely low birth weight infants. The secondary objectives were to ascertain the effect breast milk fortification and days nil per os (NPO) have on body composition.
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. Preterm infants with a birth weight of ≤1,200 g were included. Infant nutritional intakes and body composition measurements were recorded during the 28-day follow-up period.
One hundred ten of 113 preterm infants received HBM and 91 infants received fortified HBM. HIV-exposed and unexposed infants receiving fortified HBM displayed differences in fat mass percentage (FM%) (0.88% versus 1.36%, p = 0.01; 0.97% versus 1.49%, p = 0.03) and fat-free mass percentage (FFM%) (98.98% versus 98.68%, p = 0.03; 99.02% versus 98.49%, p = 0.02) on days 21 and 28, respectively. Infants kept NPO displayed differences in FM% on days 7, 21, and 28 (0.9% versus 1.3%, p = 0.03; 0.99% versus 1.4%, p = 0.02; and 0.9% versus 1.6%, p = 0.0004) as well as differences in FFM% (99.1% versus 98.4%; p = 0.0005) on day 28 of life.
There were no significant differences in the body composition of infants who received HBM versus fortified HBM. However, significant differences in body composition were reported between HIV exposure groups for infants who received fortified HBM. Infants who were kept NPO were generally smaller, shorter, and had lower FM% and more FFM%.
人乳被认为无法满足蛋白质需求，尤其是极低出生体重（VLBW）婴儿的需求，这可能会影响身体成分。
本研究的主要目的是确定 HBM 对 HIV 暴露和未暴露的早产儿和极低出生体重儿身体成分的影响。次要目的是确定母乳强化和禁食天数（NPO）对身体成分的影响。
进行了一项描述性的横断面研究。纳入出生体重≤1200g 的早产儿。在 28 天的随访期间，记录婴儿的营养摄入量和身体成分测量值。
113 名早产儿中有 110 名接受了 HBM，91 名接受了强化 HBM。接受强化 HBM 的 HIV 暴露和未暴露婴儿的脂肪百分比（FM%）（0.88%比 1.36%，p=0.01；0.97%比 1.49%，p=0.03）和去脂体重百分比（FFM%）（98.98%比 98.68%，p=0.03；99.02%比 98.49%，p=0.02）在第 21 天和第 28 天分别存在差异。NPO 婴儿的 FM%在第 7 天、第 21 天和第 28 天分别存在差异（0.9%比 1.3%，p=0.03；0.99%比 1.4%，p=0.02；0.9%比 1.6%，p=0.0004），FFM%在第 28 天也存在差异（99.1%比 98.4%；p=0.0005）。
接受 HBM 与接受强化 HBM 的婴儿在身体成分方面没有显著差异。然而，接受强化 HBM 的 HIV 暴露婴儿在身体成分方面存在显著差异。NPO 婴儿普遍更小、更短，FM%更低，FFM%更高。
