Boehm G, Kirchner B
Klinik für Kindermedizin, Karl-Marx-Universität Leipzig.
Padiatr Padol. 1988;23(4):285-92.
In a randomized prospective study in 26 low birth weight infants (LBWI) small for gestational age (SGA) the concentrations of calcium and phosphorus as well as the activity of alkaline phosphatase in serum were measured up to the 42nd day of life. In addition the renal excretions of calcium and phosphorus were estimated in 12 of these infants. 42 very low birth weight infants (VLBWI) and 83 LBWI, both appropriate for gestational age (AGA), were included in the study as controls. There are changes in direction of lower concentrations of phosphorus and higher activities of alkaline phosphatase in the serum of SGA infants if compared to the control groups, but all values were within the normal range and all differences between the study groups are not significant. In contrast to this small differences of the serum parameters the renal excretion of phosphorus is significantly lower and the excretion of calcium significantly higher in the SGA group than in the control groups even on the third day of life. In the VLBWI, AGA such signs of a phosphorus deficiency appear later. The results suggest that infants born as SGA are not sufficiently provided with phosphorus during the intrauterine development. Thus, phosphorus supplementation has to be started immediately after birth in SGA infants. The measurement of renal excretions of calcium and phosphorus is more effective than that of serum parameters for monitoring the calcium-phosphorus-homöostasis during the first weeks of life.
在一项针对26例小于胎龄的低出生体重儿（LBWI）的随机前瞻性研究中，测定了其出生后42天内血清钙、磷浓度以及碱性磷酸酶活性。此外，还对其中12例婴儿的钙和磷肾排泄量进行了评估。42例极低出生体重儿（VLBWI）和83例适于胎龄的低出生体重儿（LBWI，AGA）作为对照组纳入研究。与对照组相比，小于胎龄儿血清磷浓度降低、碱性磷酸酶活性升高，但所有值均在正常范围内，各研究组之间的所有差异均无统计学意义。与血清参数的微小差异相反，即使在出生后第三天，小于胎龄儿组的磷肾排泄量也显著低于对照组，而钙排泄量则显著高于对照组。在适于胎龄的极低出生体重儿中，缺磷迹象出现较晚。结果表明，小于胎龄儿在子宫内发育期间没有得到足够的磷供应。因此，小于胎龄儿出生后必须立即开始补充磷。在生命的最初几周，测量钙和磷的肾排泄量比测量血清参数更有效地监测钙磷稳态。
