加拿大儿童保育中心的身体活动和屏幕观看政策。
Physical activity and screen-viewing policies in Canadian childcare centers.
机构信息
Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, 1201 Western Road, Elborn College Rm 2580, London, ON, N6G 1H1, Canada.
School of Occupational Therapy, University of Western Ontario, 1201 Western Road, Elborn College Rm 2547, London, ON, N6G 1H1, Canada.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2019 Feb 4;19(1):145. doi: 10.1186/s12889-018-6290-z.
BACKGROUND
Physical activity (PA) offers numerous health benefits for young children; however, many children enrolled in childcare engage in low levels of PA and high levels of sedentary time. This study aimed to describe the prevalence and content of written PA and screen-viewing (SV) policies in Canadian childcare centers.
METHODS
Using a modified version of the Environment and Policy Assessment and Observation Self-Report (EPAO-SR) tool, an online survey was distributed to all directors/administrators of center-based childcare facilities across Canada. Reminder emails were sent to encourage survey completion and a strong response rate. Descriptive statistics were used to explore demographic characteristics and frequencies were run to examine the number of centers that implemented a PA or SV policy. Deductive content analysis was completed to identify common themes in participants' open-ended responses.
RESULTS
A total of 1158 childcare representatives participated in the study; 514 provided complete data. Of these, 295 (44%) centers indicated having a written PA policy (with the majority regulated at the provincial/territorial-level; n = 227; 42%). Content of these policies included amount of time: spent outdoors (n = 395; 63%); in teacher-led active play (n = 101; 16%); and PA education for children (n = 91; 16%). Additionally, 178 (29%) respondents reported a written policy regarding SV (with majority regulated at the center-level; n = 173; 34%) and primarily focusing on amount of time children watch television.
CONCLUSIONS
PA regulations are more common than SV policies in Canadian childcare centers; however, less than half implement a PA policy and only a third adopt SV regulations. An opportunity exists to advance practice by adopting proactive approaches to encouraging young children to be more active and less sedentary in childcare (i.e., through written policies). Supplementing policy with accessible resources, as well as consistent provision of early childhood educator (staff) training, represent important steps for putting said policies into action.
背景
身体活动（PA）为幼儿带来诸多健康益处；然而，许多入读日托的儿童的身体活动水平较低，久坐时间较长。本研究旨在描述加拿大日托中心中书面身体活动（PA）和屏幕观看（SV）政策的流行程度和内容。
方法
使用环境与政策评估和观察自我报告（EPAO-SR）工具的修改版本，向加拿大所有基于中心的日托设施的主任/管理人员分发在线调查。发送提醒电子邮件以鼓励完成调查并提高响应率。使用描述性统计数据来探索人口统计学特征，并运行频率来检查实施 PA 或 SV 政策的中心数量。完成演绎内容分析以识别参与者开放式回答中的常见主题。
结果
共有 1158 名日托代表参与了研究；514 名提供了完整数据。其中，295 家（44%）中心表示制定了书面 PA 政策（其中大部分是在省级/地区层面规定的；n=227；42%）。这些政策的内容包括时间：户外活动时间（n=395；63%）；教师主导的积极游戏时间（n=101；16%）；以及儿童 PA 教育时间（n=91；16%）。此外，178 名（29%）受访者报告了有关 SV 的书面政策（其中大部分是在中心层面规定的；n=173；34%），主要关注儿童看电视的时间。
结论
加拿大日托中心的 PA 法规比 SV 政策更为常见；然而，不到一半的中心实施了 PA 政策，只有三分之一的中心采用了 SV 法规。通过采取积极措施鼓励幼儿在日托中更加活跃和减少久坐，可以为实践提供机会（例如，通过书面政策）。补充政策的资源以及持续提供幼儿教育工作者（工作人员）培训，是将政策付诸实践的重要步骤。
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