Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2019 Jul;58:2-14. doi: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2019.01.001. Epub 2019 Jan 9.
Fetal anemia has been known for many years as a dangerous complication of pregnancy. Its most common causes are maternal alloimmunization and parvovirus B19 infection, although it can be associated with many different pathological conditions including fetal aneuploidies, vascular tumors, and arteriovenous malformations of the fetus or placenta and inherited conditions such as alpha-thalassemia or genetic metabolic disorders. Doppler ultrasonographic assessment of the peak velocity of systolic blood flow in the middle cerebral artery for the diagnosis of fetal anemia and intravascular intrauterine transfusion for its treatment are the current practice standards. Live birth rates as high as 95% have been reported in recent years. The additional role of intravenous immunoglobulin therapy and the long-term consequences of the condition are the subjects of active ongoing research.
胎儿贫血作为妊娠的一种严重并发症已被人们认识多年。其最常见的病因是母婴同种免疫和细小病毒 B19 感染，但也可与多种不同的病理情况相关，包括胎儿非整倍体、血管肿瘤、胎儿或胎盘动静脉畸形，以及α-地中海贫血或遗传代谢疾病等遗传性疾病。目前，诊断胎儿贫血的标准是应用多普勒超声评估大脑中动脉收缩期血流峰值速度，治疗方法则是宫内血管内输血。近年来，报告的活产率高达 95%。静脉内免疫球蛋白治疗的额外作用和该疾病的长期后果是正在积极研究的课题。
