Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey.
Breastfeed Med. 2019 Apr;14(3):154-158. doi: 10.1089/bfm.2018.0142. Epub 2019 Feb 5.
Feeding intolerance is one of the most frequent problems among preterm infants. These infants are fed with expressed breast milk or preterm formulas of which the temperature is not routinely measured. In this study, we aimed to examine the effects of feeds with warm milk versus room temperature milk in preterm infants.
Infants with a birth weight ≤1,500 g or gestational age ≤34 weeks were included in the study and assigned to two different feeding temperature groups (22-24°C and 32-34°C). Some infants in both groups were exclusively breast milk-fed, and some received breast milk and artificial milk (mixed feeding). Feeding tolerance of infants in both groups and the consequences were evaluated.
In total, 80 preterm infants (group 1 fed with milk at 22-24°C, n = 40; group 2 fed with milk at 32-34°C, n = 40) were prospectively included in the study. There was a slight decrease in gastric residual frequency in infants fed with breast milk in group 2. Apnea was significantly more frequent in group 1 (p = 0.006), and these infants needed more anti-reflux treatment (p = 0.013).
According to our results, warming enteral feeds close to body temperature are encouraging especially due to the decrease in gastric residual frequency, apnea of prematurity, and need for anti-reflux treatment. More studies may confirm the positive effect of warm enteral feeds on feeding tolerance in preterm infants.
喂养不耐受是早产儿最常见的问题之一。这些婴儿通常以母乳或早产儿配方奶喂养，但奶温通常未经测量。本研究旨在研究早产儿食用温奶与室温奶的效果。
将出生体重≤1500 克或胎龄≤34 周的婴儿纳入研究，并分为两组不同的喂养温度（22-24°C 和 32-34°C）。两组中都有一些婴儿接受纯母乳喂养，还有一些婴儿接受母乳和人工奶（混合喂养）。评估两组婴儿的喂养耐受性及其后果。
本研究共纳入 80 名早产儿（22-24°C 组，n=40；32-34°C 组，n=40）。与 22-24°C 组相比，32-34°C 组中母乳喂养的婴儿胃残留频率略有下降。1 组的呼吸暂停明显更频繁（p=0.006），且这些婴儿需要更多的抗反流治疗（p=0.013）。
根据我们的结果，将肠内喂养加热至接近体温是有意义的，特别是因为它可以降低胃残留频率、减少早产儿呼吸暂停和减少抗反流治疗的需要。更多的研究可能会证实温肠内喂养对早产儿喂养耐受性的积极影响。
