Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.
Department of Environmental Engineering, Dong-Eui University, Busan, 47340, Republic of Korea.
Environ Pollut. 2019 Apr;247:763-774. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.01.102. Epub 2019 Jan 29.
The source apportionment of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was examined using receptor models (positive matrix factorization and chemical mass balance) and a chemical transport model (CTM). The receptor model-based analysis was performed using the datasets collected from four different sites from the megacity of Seoul during the years 2013-2015. The contributions of VOC emission sources to ozone (O) and PM concentrations and the subsequent health effects in the study area were also assessed during a photochemically active period (June 2015) using a three-dimensional CTM, Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ), and the Environmental Benefits Mapping and Analysis Program (BenMAP). The solvent use and the on-road mobile emission sources were found to exert dominant controls on the VOC levels observed in the target city. VOCs transported from regions outside of Seoul accounted for a significant proportion (up to approximately 35%) of ambient VOC levels during the study period. The solvent use accounted for 3.4% of the ambient O concentrations during the day (daily mean of 2.6%) and made insignificant contributions to PM (<1%) during the simulation period. Biogenic VOC made insignificant contributions to O (<1%) and a small contribution to PM during the day (5.6% with a daily mean of 2.4%). The number of premature deaths attributed indirectly (O and PM formations via the oxidation of VOCs) to solvent use is expected to be significant.
采用受体模型（正定矩阵因子分解和化学质量平衡）和化学输送模型（CTM）对挥发性有机化合物（VOC）的来源进行了分配。受体模型分析是使用 2013-2015 年在首尔大都市的四个不同地点收集的数据进行的。在光化学反应活跃期间（2015 年 6 月），还使用三维 CTM、社区多尺度空气质量模型（CMAQ）和环境效益制图与分析计划（BenMAP）评估了 VOC 排放源对臭氧（O）和 PM 浓度的贡献以及对研究区域的后续健康影响。溶剂使用和道路移动排放源对目标城市中观察到的 VOC 水平具有主要控制作用。在研究期间，从首尔以外地区输送的 VOC 占环境 VOC 水平的很大一部分（高达约 35%）。溶剂使用在白天（每日平均值为 2.6%）占环境 O 浓度的 3.4%，在模拟期间对 PM 的贡献微不足道（<1%）。生物源 VOC 对 O 的贡献不大（白天为 5.6%，每日平均值为 2.4%），对 PM 的贡献也不大。溶剂使用间接导致（通过 VOC 氧化形成 O 和 PM）的过早死亡人数预计会很多。
