Department of Physics and Astronomy - University of Florence, Via G. Sansone 1, 50019, Sesto F.no, Fi, Italy; National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN) - Florence Section, Via G. Sansone 1, 50019, Sesto F.no, Fi, Italy.
Department of Physics and Astronomy - University of Florence, Via G. Sansone 1, 50019, Sesto F.no, Fi, Italy.
Environ Pollut. 2019 Apr;247:802-811. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.11.107. Epub 2019 Jan 9.
A particulate matter (PM) source apportionment study was carried out in one of the most polluted districts of Tuscany (Italy), close to an old waste incinerator plant. Due to the high PM10 levels, an extensive field campaign was supported by the Regional Government to identify the main PM sources and quantify their contributions. PM10 daily samples were collected for one year and analysed by different techniques to obtain a complete chemical characterisation (elements, ions and carbon fractions). Hourly fine (<2.5 μm) and coarse (2.5-10 μm) aerosol samples were collected by a Streaker sampler for a shorter period and hourly elemental concentrations were obtained by PIXE. Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) analysis of daily and hourly data allowed the identification of 10 main sources: six anthropogenic (Biomass Burning, Traffic, Secondary Nitrates, Secondary Sulphates, Incinerator, Heavy Oil combustion), two natural (Saharan Dust and Fresh Sea Salt) and two mixed sources (Local Dust and Aged Sea Salt). Biomass burning turned out to be the main source of PM, accounting for 30% of the PM10 mass as annual average, followed by Traffic (18%) and Secondary Nitrates (14%). Emissions from the Incinerator turned out to be only 2% of PM10 mass on average. PM10 composition and source apportionment have been assessed in a polluted area near a waste incinerator, by PMF analysis on daily and hourly compositional data sets.
在意大利托斯卡纳污染最严重的地区之一（靠近一家旧的垃圾焚烧厂）进行了一项颗粒物（PM）源解析研究。由于 PM10 水平很高，地区政府支持了一项广泛的实地调查，以确定主要的 PM 源并量化它们的贡献。PM10 日样本采集了一年，并通过不同的技术进行分析，以获得完整的化学特征（元素、离子和碳分）。通过 Streaker 采样器在较短的时间内采集了每小时的细颗粒物（<2.5μm）和粗颗粒物（2.5-10μm），并通过 PIXE 获得了每小时的元素浓度。对每日和每小时数据的正定矩阵因子分析（PMF）识别出了 10 个主要来源：六个人为源（生物质燃烧、交通、二次硝酸盐、二次硫酸盐、焚烧炉、重油燃烧），两个自然源（撒哈拉尘和新鲜海盐）和两个混合源（本地尘和陈化海盐）。生物质燃烧是 PM 的主要来源，占 PM10 质量的 30%，年平均水平，其次是交通（18%）和二次硝酸盐（14%）。焚烧炉的排放物平均只占 PM10 质量的 2%。通过对每日和每小时成分数据集进行 PMF 分析，评估了焚烧炉附近污染地区的 PM10 成分和源解析。
