Chawla Shilpi, Bowen Charles R, Slaminko Tara L, Hobbs Houston A, Hartman Glen L
University of Illinois, National Soybean Research Center, Department of Crop Sciences, Urbana.
USDA-ARS, National Soybean Research Center, Urbana.
Plant Dis. 2013 May;97(5):568-578. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-05-12-0479-FE.
The soybean crop is one of the most important crops worldwide, as the seeds are used for both protein meal and vegetable oil. Soybean acreage covers an estimated 6% of the arable land in the world, and since the 1970s, soybean has had the highest percent increase of hectares in production compared to any other major crop. As demand for soybean continues to rise, the production area and worldwide trade are likely to increase. Biotic constraints, such as pathogens, pests, and weeds, can be detrimental to soybean production, causing significant negative impacts to yield. To successfully reduce losses caused by pathogens and pests, various practices such as cultural and seed sanitation techniques, pesticide applications, and deployment of resistance are used. For many years, public institutions have conducted regional yield trials on both private and public sector soybean cultivars. In Illinois, the University of Illinois Variety Testing Program created a public database for growers. Prompted in part by disease reports on cultivars entered into the Variety Testing Program, the Illinois Soybean Association began providing funds in 1998 to obtain additional information from regional trials to benefit growers in the state. The researchers in the Soybean Variety Testing Program conduct replicated field trials and evaluate these plots for agronomic characteristics such as height, lodging, maturity, and yield. In addition to standard yield trial data, protein and oil content are analyzed.
大豆作物是全球最重要的作物之一，因为其种子可用于生产豆粕和植物油。大豆种植面积估计占世界耕地的6%，自20世纪70年代以来，与其他主要作物相比，大豆种植公顷数的增长百分比最高。随着对大豆的需求持续上升，其种植面积和全球贸易量可能会增加。生物胁迫，如病原体、害虫和杂草，会对大豆生产造成损害，给产量带来重大负面影响。为了成功减少病原体和害虫造成的损失，人们采用了各种措施，如栽培和种子卫生技术、施用农药以及部署抗性品种。多年来，公共机构一直在对私营和公共部门的大豆品种进行区域产量试验。在伊利诺伊州，伊利诺伊大学品种测试项目为种植者创建了一个公共数据库。部分受进入品种测试项目的品种的病害报告的推动，伊利诺伊大豆协会于1998年开始提供资金，以便从区域试验中获取更多信息，使该州的种植者受益。大豆品种测试项目的研究人员进行重复田间试验，并对这些地块的农艺特征进行评估，如株高、倒伏情况、成熟度和产量。除了标准产量试验数据外，还会分析蛋白质和油含量。
