de Macedo Davi Mesquita, Pereira Olinto Liparini, Wheeler Gregory Sherman, Barreto Robert Weingart
Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-000, Brazil.
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Invasive Plant Research Laboratory, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314.
Plant Dis. 2013 Apr;97(4):496-500. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-06-12-0598-RE.
Schinus terebinthifolius (Anacardiaceae), Brazilian peppertree (BP), is a major environmental weed in many tropical and subtropical areas of the globe, including Florida, Hawai'i, and Australia. This plant has been the target of a classical biocontrol project in the United States involving pathogens collected in Brazil for several years. A fungus was found in the Brazilian state of Espírito Santo causing leaf spots and severe foliage blight on BP. Examination of the morphology and internal transcribed spacer sequence analysis confirmed that the fungus is a strain of Corynespora cassiicola. Preliminary host-range tests involving 24 species, including 11 species in the family Anacardiaceae, were conducted with the fungus, and specificity toward BP was confirmed. Plants of Brazilian pepper tree from populations in Florida and Hawai'i included in the tests became severely diseased. Therefore, the recognition of a new forma specialis-Corynespora cassiicola f. sp. schinii-is proposed. The specificity of this forma specialis and the severity of the disease it caused in the field and under controlled conditions indicate that it has the potential for use as a biocontrol agent for BP in areas where it is an exotic invasive species.
肖乳香（漆树科），即巴西胡椒树（BP），是全球许多热带和亚热带地区的主要环境杂草，包括佛罗里达州、夏威夷州和澳大利亚。多年来，这种植物一直是美国一个经典生物防治项目的目标，该项目涉及从巴西收集病原体。在巴西圣埃斯皮里图州发现了一种真菌，它在巴西胡椒树上引起叶斑和严重的叶枯病。通过对其形态学和内部转录间隔区序列分析，证实该真菌是卡西棒孢菌的一个菌株。对该真菌进行了初步寄主范围测试，涉及24个物种，包括漆树科的11个物种，证实了其对巴西胡椒树的专一性。测试中来自佛罗里达州和夏威夷州种群的巴西胡椒树植株严重染病。因此，建议识别一种新的专化型——卡西棒孢菌肖乳香专化型。这种专化型的专一性以及它在田间和控制条件下引起的病害严重程度表明，它有可能在巴西胡椒树作为外来入侵物种的地区用作生物防治剂。
