Sheng H, Murray T D
Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman 99164-6430.
Plant Dis. 2013 Mar;97(3):346-353. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-12-11-1048-RE.
Eyespot, caused by Oculimacula yallundae and O. acuformis, is an economically important disease of wheat. Currently, two eyespot resistance genes, Pch1 and Pch2, are used in wheat breeding programs but neither provides complete control or prevents yield loss. Aegilops longissima is a distant relative of wheat and proven donor of genes useful for wheat improvement, including disease resistance. Forty A. longissima accessions and 83 A. longissima chromosome addition or substitution lines were evaluated for resistance to eyespot. Among the 40 accessions tested, 43% were resistant to O. yallundae, 48% were resistant to O. acuformis, and 33% were resistant to both. Addition or substitution lines containing chromosomes 1S, 2S, 5S, and 7S, and a 4S7S translocation were resistant to O. yallundae. Chromosomes 1S, 2S, 4S, and 5S contributed to resistance to O. acuformis more than others. Chromosomes 1S, 2S, 5S, and 7S provided resistance to both pathogens. This is the first report of eyespot resistance in A. longissima. These results provide evidence that genetic control of eyespot resistance is present on multiple chromosomes of the S genome. This research demonstrates that A. longissima is a potential new source of eyespot resistance genes that could broaden the genetic diversity for wheat improvement.
由黄斑柄锈菌和尖孢黄斑柄锈菌引起的眼斑病是小麦的一种具有经济重要性的病害。目前，小麦育种项目中使用了两个抗眼斑病基因Pch1和Pch2，但两者都不能完全控制该病或防止产量损失。长穗偃麦草是小麦的远缘亲属，已被证明是对小麦改良有用的基因供体，包括抗病性基因。对40份长穗偃麦草种质和83份长穗偃麦草染色体附加系或代换系进行了抗眼斑病评估。在测试的40份种质中，43%对黄斑柄锈菌具有抗性，48%对尖孢黄斑柄锈菌具有抗性，33%对两者都具有抗性。含有1S、2S、5S和7S染色体以及4S7S易位的附加系或代换系对黄斑柄锈菌具有抗性。1S、2S、4S和5S染色体对尖孢黄斑柄锈菌的抗性贡献比其他染色体更大。1S、2S、5S和7S染色体对两种病原菌都具有抗性。这是关于长穗偃麦草抗眼斑病的首次报道。这些结果提供了证据，表明S基因组的多条染色体上存在抗眼斑病的遗传控制。这项研究表明，长穗偃麦草是抗眼斑病基因的一个潜在新来源，可拓宽小麦改良的遗传多样性。
