a Main regional center for pain relief and supportive/palliative care , La Maddalena Cancer Center , Palermo , Italy.
b Department of supportive/palliative care , MD Anderson , Houston , TX , USA.
Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2019 Mar;18(3):211-217. doi: 10.1080/14740338.2019.1579796. Epub 2019 Feb 14.
In the last few decades, the consumption of opioid analgesics in many countries, particularly the US, has dramatically increased. This rise has been paralleled by a proportional number of opioid-related deaths. Areas covered: The development of opioid guidelines was a response to this health crisis with the intention of reducing the risk of harm related to opioid prescribing. These guidelines have received varying responses ranging from support to criticism. Pain physicians may often provide multidimensional management as the paradigm for responsible opioid treatment. Interventions should focus on preventing new cases of opioid addiction, identifying early cases of opioid addiction, and ensuring access to effective addiction treatment. Expert opinion: Many activities have been suggested to face the opioid epidemic. Reducing supply is one of the most relevant aspects. Clinicians should find a fine balance that meets the patient's need for pain relief while minimizing the chance for abuse.
在过去的几十年中，许多国家（尤其是美国）阿片类镇痛药的消耗量大幅增加。与之相伴的是阿片类药物相关死亡人数的相应增加。
阿片类药物指南的制定是对这一卫生危机的回应，旨在降低与阿片类药物处方相关的伤害风险。这些指南的反应各不相同，从支持到批评都有。疼痛医师可能经常提供多维管理作为负责任的阿片类药物治疗模式。干预措施应侧重于预防新的阿片类药物成瘾病例，早期发现阿片类药物成瘾病例，并确保获得有效的成瘾治疗。
为了应对阿片类药物流行，已经提出了许多活动。减少供应是最相关的方面之一。临床医生应该找到一个平衡，既要满足患者的止痛需求，又要最大限度地减少滥用的机会。
