Department of Psychiatry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2019 May;32(3):224-231. doi: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000495.
Asia and Africa are experiencing rapid urbanization and rural growth. This review focuses on the impact of urbanization on preventive and treatment mental health service provision with attention to the Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa economic bloc and sub-Saharan Africa.
A search of the PubMed, Academic Search Ultimate, and Global Health databases, and use of Google Scholar yielded relevant health, environmental, and urban planning research articles from sub-Saharan Africa and Brazil, India, China, and South Africa. Preventive services are ineffective in addressing violence exposure, substance use, poor quality housing, and spatial segregation, with differing trajectories in the various countries. Similarly, the impact of urbanization on social capital and green infrastructure is variable. Although Brazil appears to have a well-developed mental health system, it is unable to meet the care demand. Integrated country-wide and district-based analyses in China indicate planning is underway.
In general, existing mental and general health services in low and middle-income countries are grossly inadequate in terms of prevention, coverage, and quality to withstand population transitions lying ahead. People with mental disability, as a vulnerable and stigmatized subpopulation, are at high risk of neglect as urbanization progresses, particularly in India and sub-Saharan Africa.
亚洲和非洲正经历着快速的城市化和农村增长。本综述重点关注城市化对预防和治疗精神卫生服务提供的影响，同时关注巴西、俄罗斯、印度、中国和南非（金砖国家）经济集团以及撒哈拉以南非洲地区。
通过对PubMed、Academic Search Ultimate 和 Global Health 数据库的搜索，以及使用 Google Scholar，从撒哈拉以南非洲以及巴西、印度、中国和南非获得了相关的健康、环境和城市规划研究文章。预防服务在解决暴力暴露、药物使用、住房质量差和空间隔离方面效果不佳，各国的轨迹不同。同样，城市化对社会资本和绿色基础设施的影响也是多变的。尽管巴西似乎拥有一个发达的精神卫生系统，但它无法满足护理需求。中国进行了全国范围和地区层面的综合分析，表明正在进行规划。
总的来说，在中低收入国家，现有的精神卫生和一般卫生服务在预防、覆盖范围和质量方面都严重不足，无法应对即将到来的人口转变。精神残疾人群作为一个脆弱和受歧视的亚群体，随着城市化的推进，他们面临着被忽视的高风险，尤其是在印度和撒哈拉以南非洲地区。
