Basit Hajira, Wallen Tanner J., Dudley Christopher
Apex Healthcare
Creighton University School of Medicine
Frostbite, also known as freezing cold injury (FCI) is tissue damage as a result to cold exposure, occurring at temperatures below 0 degrees C. It is included in a spectrum of injury, from FCI to non-FCI and frostnip. Any portion of exposed skin is prone to the damaging effects of frostbite. Patients are at high risk for ischemic tissue injury and necrosis. Patients that survive cold tissue injury are prone to secondary infection and dehydration from loss of the skin barrier. Frostbite tend to occur when the body is exposed to intense cold, resulting in vasoconstriction. The resulting decrease in blood flow fails to deliver heat to the tissues and eventually leads to ice crystal formation. Body parts most prone to frostbite include the feet, hand, ears, lips, and nose. Most cases of frostbite occur in the winter; homeless people and those who perform outdoors activity are most susceptible to the injury. The goal of treatment is to salvage as much tissue as possible so that maximal function remains.
冻伤，也称为寒冷损伤（FCI），是由于暴露于寒冷环境（温度低于0摄氏度）而导致的组织损伤。它包括一系列损伤，从寒冷损伤到非寒冷损伤以及冻疮。任何暴露的皮肤部位都容易受到冻伤的损害。患者有发生缺血性组织损伤和坏死的高风险。在寒冷组织损伤中存活下来的患者容易继发感染，并且由于皮肤屏障的丧失而脱水。当身体暴露于严寒中导致血管收缩时，就容易发生冻伤。由此导致的血流减少无法将热量传递到组织，最终导致冰晶形成。最容易发生冻伤的身体部位包括脚、手、耳朵、嘴唇和鼻子。大多数冻伤病例发生在冬季；无家可归者和从事户外活动的人最易受到这种损伤。治疗的目标是尽可能挽救更多组织，以便保留最大功能。
