Mazhar Hiba R., Aeddula Narothama R.
Deaconess HS, IN University School Med
Renal vein thrombosis (RVT), the presence of thrombus in the major renal veins or its tributaries, is a rare clinical entity. It can present acutely or go unnoticed and can result in acute kidney injury or chronic kidney disease. Rayer, a French nephrologist, was the first to describe RVT and its association with proteinuria in the 1840s. It is commonly associated with nephrotic syndrome, primary hypercoagulability disorders, malignant renal tumors, extrinsic compression, infections, trauma, or as a post-renal transplant complication. Almost two-thirds of patients have bilateral renal vein involvement. The left renal vein is more commonly involved due to its extensive venous network compared to the right. Thrombosis may extend from the vena cava into the peripheral venules or may originate in the peripheral veins and propagate to the main renal vein. The severe passive congestion that develops causes the kidney to swell and become engorged, leading to degeneration of nephrons and causing symptoms of flank pain, hematuria, and decreased urine output.
肾静脉血栓形成（RVT）是指在主要肾静脉或其分支中存在血栓，是一种罕见的临床病症。它可急性发作或未被察觉，并可导致急性肾损伤或慢性肾脏病。法国肾脏病学家雷耶在19世纪40年代首次描述了RVT及其与蛋白尿的关联。它通常与肾病综合征、原发性高凝性疾病、恶性肾肿瘤、外部压迫、感染、创伤或作为肾移植后并发症相关。几乎三分之二的患者双侧肾静脉受累。由于左肾静脉的静脉网络比右肾广泛，因此左肾静脉更常受累。血栓形成可能从腔静脉延伸至外周小静脉，也可能起源于外周静脉并蔓延至主要肾静脉。由此产生的严重被动性充血会使肾脏肿胀并充血，导致肾单位退化，并引起胁腹痛、血尿和尿量减少等症状。
