Lepe Kenia, Syed Hasnain A., Zito Patrick M.
Universidad de Guadalajara
Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore
Alopecia areata is a chronic, immune-mediated autoimmune disorder that affects hair follicles, nails, and, occasionally, the retinal pigment epithelium. This condition targets the anagen hair follicles of individuals and leads to hair loss without permanent damage to the follicles. Alopecia areata arises from an autoimmune disruption in the normal hair cycle, resulting in the loss of immune privilege in the hair follicles. Alopecia areata usually presents as localized patches of hair loss on the scalp, which develop over a few weeks (see Alopecia Areata). The classic presentation of alopecia areata involves isolated, smooth, sudden, nonscarring, and patchy hair loss on the scalp or any area with hair growth. Although many individuals experience spontaneous hair regrowth within 1 year, alopecia areata is a chronic condition characterized by recurring episodes of hair loss that require both psychological support and medical treatment. Various treatment options, such as corticosteroids, immunotherapy, Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, and topical solutions, are available to help manage the extent and duration of hair loss.
斑秃是一种慢性、免疫介导的自身免疫性疾病，会影响毛囊、指甲，偶尔还会影响视网膜色素上皮。这种病症针对个体的生长期毛囊，导致脱发，但毛囊不会受到永久性损伤。斑秃是由正常毛发周期中的自身免疫紊乱引起的，导致毛囊失去免疫特权。斑秃通常表现为头皮上局部脱发斑，在几周内形成（见斑秃）。斑秃的典型表现是头皮或任何有毛发生长区域出现孤立、光滑、突然、无瘢痕且呈斑片状的脱发。尽管许多人在1年内会自发重新长出头发，但斑秃是一种慢性病，其特征是脱发反复发作，需要心理支持和医学治疗。有多种治疗选择，如皮质类固醇、免疫疗法、Janus激酶（JAK）抑制剂和局部用药，可用于帮助控制脱发的程度和持续时间。
