Renal oncocytomas are common benign kidney neoplasms that account for 3% to 7% of all renal neoplasms. They usually occur in adults, most frequently in the seventh decade of life. Renal oncocytomas may be discovered incidentally or may be diagnosed on biopsy or excision. Oncocytomas have a classic gross appearance of a well-circumscribed tan or mahogany colored mass with a stellate central scar. Histologically they classically appear as well-circumscribed lesions with nested architecture, bland cytology, regular nuclei with prominent central nucleoli, and eosinophilic cytoplasm. Despite the classic appearance, there are several entities that mimic oncocytoma so diagnosis remains a challenge. Diagnosis is primarily made based on histologic appearance and, in challenging cases, with immunohistochemistry. Rarely cytogenetic studies may be useful. Renal oncocytomas usually have an excellent prognosis and are not associated with an aggressive clinical course; however, there can occasionally be metastasis to liver and bone and fatalities have occurred. Surgical excision is curative if there have not been metastases.
肾嗜酸细胞瘤是常见的良性肾肿瘤，占所有肾肿瘤的3%至7%。它们通常发生于成年人，最常见于70岁左右。肾嗜酸细胞瘤可偶然发现，也可在活检或切除时被诊断。嗜酸细胞瘤典型的大体外观是边界清楚的棕褐色或红褐色肿块，中央有星状瘢痕。组织学上，它们典型地表现为边界清楚的病变，具有巢状结构、温和的细胞学特征、核规则且核仁明显，以及嗜酸性细胞质。尽管有典型表现，但有几种病变可酷似嗜酸细胞瘤，因此诊断仍然是一项挑战。诊断主要基于组织学表现，在疑难病例中则结合免疫组织化学检查。很少情况下，细胞遗传学研究可能有用。肾嗜酸细胞瘤通常预后良好，不伴有侵袭性临床病程；然而，偶尔可转移至肝脏和骨骼，甚至发生死亡。如果尚未发生转移，手术切除可治愈。
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