Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Voronezh State University, Universitetskaya square 1, 394018, Voronezh, Russian Federation.
Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 125315, RussiaN Federation.
Curr Mol Med. 2018;18(10):655-660. doi: 10.2174/1566524019666190206204357.
Advances in genetic engineering and genomic studies facilitated the development of animal models of human diseases. To date, numerous models based on different animal species are available for the most socially significant human diseases, such as cardiovascular disorders, cancer, neurodegenerative and metabolic disorders. Modern genetic methods allow creating animals with certain genes up- or downregulated, as well as bearing specific mutations. However, this precision is not easy to translate into clinical practice: animal models still have their limitations, including both physiological and genetic differences between humans and animals and complexity of disease conditions that are difficult to reproduce. In this review, we will discuss the most relevant modern techniques that allow creating genetically engineered animal models.
遗传工程和基因组研究的进展促进了人类疾病动物模型的发展。迄今为止，已经有许多基于不同动物物种的模型可用于研究最具社会意义的人类疾病，如心血管疾病、癌症、神经退行性疾病和代谢性疾病。现代遗传方法允许创建某些基因上调或下调的动物，以及具有特定突变的动物。然而，这种精确性并不容易转化为临床实践：动物模型仍然存在其局限性，包括人类和动物之间的生理和遗传差异以及难以复制的疾病复杂性。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论允许创建基因工程动物模型的最相关的现代技术。
