产前母体压力会导致儿童精神病理学的性别差异吗？
Does Prenatal Maternal Distress Contribute to Sex Differences in Child Psychopathology?
机构信息
Department of Psychology, University of Denver, 2155 South Race Street, Denver, CO, 80208, USA.
Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, One University Drive, Orange, CA, 92866, USA.
出版信息
Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2019 Feb 7;21(2):7. doi: 10.1007/s11920-019-0992-5.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Prenatal maternal psychological distress is an established risk factor for the development of psychopathology in offspring. The purpose of this review is to evaluate whether sex differences in fetal responses to maternal distress contribute to sex differences in subsequent psychopathology.
RECENT FINDINGS
Male and female fetuses respond differently to stress signals. We review recent evidence that demonstrates a sex-specific pattern of association between prenatal maternal distress and pathways associated with risk for psychopathology including offspring hypothalamic pituitary adrenocortical (HPA) axis regulation, brain development, and negative emotionality. Prenatal maternal distress exerts sex-specific consequences on the fetus. These differences may contribute to the well-established sex differences in psychopathology and in particular to greater female vulnerability to develop internalizing problems.
目的综述
产前母体心理困扰是后代精神病理学发展的既定风险因素。本综述的目的是评估胎儿对母体困扰的反应是否存在性别差异，进而导致随后的精神病理学存在性别差异。
最近的发现
男性和女性胎儿对压力信号的反应不同。我们回顾了最近的证据，这些证据表明产前母体困扰与与精神病理学风险相关的途径之间存在特定于性别的关联模式，包括后代下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质（HPA）轴调节、大脑发育和负性情绪。产前母体困扰对胎儿产生特定于性别的影响。这些差异可能导致精神病理学中已确立的性别差异，特别是女性更容易出现内化问题。
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