Sasongko Elsa Pudji Setiawati, Ariyanto Eko Fuji, Indraswari Noormarina, Rachmi Cut Novianti, Alisjahbana Anna
Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java, Indonesia.
Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java, Indonesia.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2019;28(Suppl 1):S43-S50. doi: 10.6133/apjcn.201901_28(S1).0004.
Health status during adolescence may predetermine that during adulthood. Being short because of nutritional and health adversity, where stunting is indicative, is a global health concern, possibly in adolescence. This study assessed the prevalence of shortness (defined by HAZ <-2 SD) at age 12 and its determinants.
This Tanjungsari birth cohort of 1988/1989 was revisited in 2001-2002 with 3093 participating children, their parents and households. The cohort was tracked from birth, to ages 2 and 12 with anthropometry, with birth weight, then weight and height-for-age at 2 and 12, dietary history at age 2, health patterns at age 2 and 12, and environmental exposures.
The prevalence of adolescent shortness, presumed 'stunting', was 48.8% for which predictor Odds Ratios (OR) were low birth weight 1.64 (95% CI: 1.28-2.09), short height for age at 2-years 1.54 (95% CI: 1.33-1.80), limited maternal education 1.19 (95% CI: 1.01-1.41), unimproved source of drinking water 1.27 (95% CI: 1.08-1.49), unimproved latrine 1.18 (95% CI: 1.01-1.39) and presence of atopic disease at 12 years of age 1.29 (95% CI: 1.01-1.65). Smoking exposure, not breastfed, formula milk consumption and infectious disease at age 2 were not associated with shortness at age 12 on multivariable analysis.
Adolescent shortness was found in almost half of this rural Javanese cohort followed from birth. It was associated with birth weight, and several individual, maternal and environmental factors evident at age 2, along with an atopic disposition at age 12. However, stature itself may not constitute a health risk over and above the associated socio-environmental conditions.
青少年时期的健康状况可能会预先决定成年后的健康状况。因营养和健康问题导致身材矮小（发育迟缓即为表现之一）是一个全球性的健康问题，在青少年中可能尤为如此。本研究评估了12岁时身材矮小（定义为身高别年龄Z评分＜-2标准差）的患病率及其决定因素。
1988/1989年出生于丹戎萨里的队列研究在2001 - 2002年进行了回访，共有3093名儿童及其父母和家庭参与。该队列从出生开始跟踪，在2岁和12岁时进行人体测量，记录出生体重、2岁和12岁时的体重和身高别年龄、2岁时的饮食史、2岁和12岁时的健康模式以及环境暴露情况。
青少年身材矮小（推测为“发育迟缓”）的患病率为48.8%，其预测因素的比值比（OR）分别为：低出生体重1.64（95%置信区间：1.28 - 2.09）、2岁时身高别身高低1.54（95%置信区间：1.33 - 1.80）、母亲受教育程度有限1.19（95%置信区间：1.01 - 1.41）、饮用水源未改善1.27（95%置信区间：1.08 - 1.49）、厕所未改善1.18（95%置信区间：1.01 - 1.39）以及12岁时患有特应性疾病1.29（95%置信区间：1.01 - 1.65）。多变量分析显示，2岁时的吸烟暴露、未母乳喂养、食用配方奶和传染病与12岁时的身材矮小无关。
在这个从出生就开始跟踪的爪哇农村队列中，近一半的青少年存在身材矮小的情况。这与出生体重以及2岁时明显的一些个体、母亲和环境因素有关，同时也与12岁时的特应性倾向有关。然而，除了相关的社会环境条件外，身材本身可能并不构成健康风险。
