Micek Piotr, Kowalski Zygmunt M, Sady Marek, Oprządek Jolanta, Domagała Jacek, Wanat Patrycja
Department of Animal Nutrition and Dietetics,University of Agriculture in Kraków, Kraków,Poland.
Department of Animal Product Technology,University of Agriculture in Kraków,Kraków,Poland.
J Dairy Res. 2019 Feb;86(1):55-62. doi: 10.1017/S0022029919000062. Epub 2019 Feb 7.
This research paper addresses the hypothesis that calcium salts combined with whole linseed and heat-treated rapeseed cake in one feed additive may efficiently stimulate the productivity of dairy cows and have a positive effect on the functional (health-promoting) properties of milk fat. The article proposes the composition of such an additive (EFA) and evaluates its nutritional effect in the diet of mid-lactation dairy cows. Forty multiparous Polish Holstein-Friesian (PHF) dairy cows were allocated to one of four treatments (10 cows/treatment) and fed a TMR diet without EFA or with EFA in the amount of 1, 2 or 3 kg/d per head for a 63-d-period. Individual intake of dry matter (DMI) and nutrients was determined, as was milk yield and composition, including fatty acid profile, fat soluble vitamins, cholesterol and phospholipids (PLs). Irrespective of the treatment group, cows fed diets with EFA had higher (P < 0.05) DMI, milk yield and milk vitamin D3 and K2 concentration but lower (P < 0.01) milk protein, fat and cholesterol contents. The additive did not affect the milk concentrations of β-carotene or vitamin A or E. The PLs content was correlated with fat concentration in the milk and decreased as the level of EFA in the diet increased. An increase in phosphatidylcholine in total PLs was accompanied by a reduction in the proportion of sphingomyelin (P < 0.05). The use of EFA increased the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the total fatty acids in the milk. The addition of EFA in the amount of 3 kg increased the proportion of PUFA by 77% (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the use of an energy-protein feed additive (EFA) increases feed intake and milk yield in cows and alters milk fat composition, improving its functional properties. Higher milk production compensates for the decrease in solids concentration in the milk, which has no effect on their daily yield.
一种饲料添加剂中，钙盐与全亚麻籽和热处理菜籽饼相结合，可能会有效提高奶牛的生产力，并对乳脂肪的功能（促进健康）特性产生积极影响。本文提出了这种添加剂（EFA）的组成，并评估了其在泌乳中期奶牛日粮中的营养效果。40头经产波兰荷斯坦-弗里生（PHF）奶牛被分配到四种处理之一（每组10头），并在63天的时间内，饲喂不含EFA或每头每天添加1、2或3千克EFA的全混合日粮（TMR）。测定了个体干物质摄入量（DMI）和养分摄入量，以及产奶量和奶成分，包括脂肪酸谱、脂溶性维生素、胆固醇和磷脂（PLs）。无论处理组如何，饲喂含EFA日粮的奶牛DMI、产奶量以及奶中维生素D3和K2浓度均较高（P<0.05），但奶中蛋白质、脂肪和胆固醇含量较低（P<0.01）。该添加剂对奶中β-胡萝卜素、维生素A或E的浓度没有影响。PLs含量与奶中的脂肪浓度相关，并随着日粮中EFA水平的增加而降低。总PLs中磷脂酰胆碱的增加伴随着鞘磷脂比例的降低（P<0.05）。使用EFA增加了奶中总脂肪酸中多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）的比例。添加3千克EFA使PUFA的比例增加了77%（P<0.05）。总之，使用能量-蛋白质饲料添加剂（EFA）可增加奶牛的采食量和产奶量，并改变乳脂肪组成，改善其功能特性。较高的产奶量弥补了奶中固体成分浓度的降低，这对其日产量没有影响。
