Jun Jihyang, Remington Roger W, Koutstaal Wilma, Jiang Yuhong V
Department of Psychology.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2019 Mar;45(3):386-401. doi: 10.1037/xhp0000604. Epub 2019 Feb 7.
Continuous performance tasks are frequently associated with a vigilance decrement, particularly when target events are rare and after prolonged time on task. Here we characterized the time course of a performance decrement that happens more rapidly. Using the gradual-onset continuous performance task (the gradCPT), we presented participants with a long sequence of scenes that gradually faded in and out. Participants pressed a button as soon as they detected scenes in one category and ignored scenes in another category. We manipulated the novelty of stimuli, required response rate, and the prevalence rate of the target stimuli. Performance sensitivity declined moderately within and across three 8-min-long blocks. Contrary to mindlessness accounts of vigilance decrement, the decline was not restricted to situations when target events were rare and the stimuli were repetitive. High motor response rates substantially impaired overall sensitivity and moderately increased performance decrement. Performance in the gradCPT did not correlate with individual differences in mindfulness, attentional lapses, media multitasking, or complex working memory span. The rapid and pervasively observed decline in performance is consistent with attentional resource theories of vigilance decrement. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
持续执行任务通常与警觉性下降有关，尤其是当目标事件很少出现以及在长时间执行任务之后。在这里，我们描述了一种发生得更快的表现下降的时间进程。使用逐渐开始的持续执行任务（gradCPT），我们向参与者呈现了一长串逐渐淡入和淡出的场景。参与者一旦检测到某一类别的场景就按下按钮，而忽略另一类别的场景。我们操纵了刺激的新颖性、所需的反应率以及目标刺激的出现率。在三个8分钟长的时间段内及之间，表现敏感性适度下降。与关于警觉性下降的无意识观点相反，这种下降并不局限于目标事件很少且刺激重复的情况。高运动反应率严重损害了整体敏感性，并适度增加了表现下降。gradCPT中的表现与正念、注意力失误、媒体多任务处理或复杂工作记忆广度的个体差异无关。观察到的快速且普遍的表现下降与警觉性下降的注意力资源理论一致。（PsycINFO数据库记录（c）2019美国心理学会，保留所有权利）
